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Mechanisms of Cd Hyperaccumulation and Detoxification in Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulators: How Plants Cope with Cd

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Progress in Botany 73

Part of the book series: Progress in Botany ((BOTANY,volume 73))

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is classified as a toxic heavy metal and is of major concern in environmental heavy metals contamination. Some special plants, referring to Cd hyperaccumulators, could accumulate ≥100 mg kg−1 Cd in their shoots without showing phytotoxicity. The mechanisms of Cd accumulation and tolerance in Cd hyperaccumulators have provoked the interest of scientists. In the latest decade, many efforts have been put in investigating the biomolecular basis of Cd hyperaccumulation and associated Cd hypertolerance, including some important heavy metal transporters correlated to Cd accumulation and ion homeostasis in plants. This review provides an overview of the main aspects involving Cd uptake, translocation, distribution in hyperaccumulators, and the evolution of Cd hyperaccumulation. Besides, the hypothesis about the physiological role of Cd may play in hyperaccumulators is also highlighted.

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Abbreviations

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

ATP:

Adenosine-5′-triphosphate

ATPase:

Adenosine triphosphatase

ASA:

Ascorbate

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

ABC:

ATP-binding cassette

BSO:

Buthionine sulfoximine

Cd:

Cadmium

CAT:

Catalase

CA:

Carbonic anhydrase

CDF:

Cation diffusion facilitator

CAXs:

Cation/H+ exchangers

DW:

Dry weight

EDX:

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer

FW:

Fresh weight

FBPase:

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase

GAPDH:

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

GPX:

Guaiacol peroxidase

GSH:

Glutathione

GR:

Glutathione reductase

HMA4:

Heavy metal-transporting ATPase4

HMW:

High molecular weight

HE:

Hyperaccumulating ecotype

Pb:

Lead

LFDI:

Leaf feeding damage index

LMW:

Low molecular weight

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MTP:

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein

NRAMP:

Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein

NADH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Ni:

Nickel

NHE:

Non-hyperaccumulating ecotype

POD:

Peroxidase

PCs:

Phytochelatins

Put:

Putrescine

QTL:

Quantitative trait locus

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RuBP:

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

Rubisco:

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase

Se:

Selenium

Spd:

Spermidine

Spm:

Spermine

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

ZIP:

ZRT1/IRT1-like protein

Zn:

Zinc

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Acknowledgments

The present research is financially supported by NSFC-Guangdong Joint Foundation of China (No. U0833004), Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40901151, 31000248), and National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2007AA06Z305).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People’s Republic of China

    Rong-Liang Qiu, Ye-Tao Tang, Palaniswamy Thangavel, Lu Tang, Yuan-Yuan Gan, Rong-Rong Ying & Shi-Zhong Wang

  2. Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, People’s Republic of China

    Rong-Liang Qiu, Ye-Tao Tang & Shi-Zhong Wang

  3. School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China

    Xiao-Wen Zeng

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  1. Rong-Liang Qiu
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  1. Inst. Botanik, TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 3–5, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany

    Ulrich Lüttge

  2. Faculty of Biology Experimental Ecology and Ecosystem Biology, University of Bielefeld, 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany

    Wolfram Beyschlag

  3. FB Biologie Abt. Allgemeine Botanik, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. Gebäude 13/2, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany

    Burkhard Büdel

  4. Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK

    Dennis Francis

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Qiu, RL. et al. (2012). Mechanisms of Cd Hyperaccumulation and Detoxification in Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulators: How Plants Cope with Cd. In: Lüttge, U., Beyschlag, W., Büdel, B., Francis, D. (eds) Progress in Botany 73. Progress in Botany, vol 73. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22746-2_5

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