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Age-related Macular Degeneration pp 77–98Cite as

Histopathology

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Abstract

The basal membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is limited by Bruch’s membrane and the adjacent layer of the choroid, which is rich in capillaries. At the apical side the microvilli of the RPE are in close contact to the photoreceptor outer segment. There is a complicated metabolic exchange between the retina and choroid with the RPE as key player. In the recycling of pigment during the visual cycle, the shed discs of the photoreceptor outer segments are phagocytosed by the RPE cells. While the final metabolic products are directed to the choroid, the RPE also regulates the nutritional supply and the extracellular ionic microenvironment of the photoreceptors. The resulting osmotic depression contributes to retinal adhesion to the RPE and can thereby anticipate retinal detachment. The production and directed secretion of different growth factors contribute to the maintenance of the functional unit composed of the photoreceptors, RPE cell layer and choroid.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany

    A. Lommatzsch & D. Pauleikhoff

  2. Ophtha-Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany

    S. Wasmuth

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    F. G. Holz

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK

    A. C. Bird

Authors
  1. A. Lommatzsch
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  2. S. Wasmuth
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  3. D. Pauleikhoff
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  4. F. G. Holz
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  5. A. C. Bird
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Lommatzsch .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Str. 2, Bonn, 53127, Germany

    Frank G. Holz

  2. Zentrum für Refraktive Chirurgie, Hohenzollern-Klinik, Hohenzollernring 57, Münster, 48145, Germany

    Daniel Pauleikhoff

  3. Consultants of New York, Vitreous, Retina & Macula, Park Avenue 460, New York, 10022, New York, USA

    Richard F. Spaide

  4. , Deptartment of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, United Kingdom

    Alan C. Bird

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Lommatzsch, A., Wasmuth, S., Pauleikhoff, D., Holz, F.G., Bird, A.C. (2013). Histopathology. In: Holz, F., Pauleikhoff, D., Spaide, R., Bird, A. (eds) Age-related Macular Degeneration. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22107-1_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22107-1_5

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