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Cadmium Metal Detoxification and Hyperaccumulators

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Detoxification of Heavy Metals

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 30))

Abstract

Environmental contamination with cadmium metal has become a worldwide problem. Cd is persistent in nature leading to its uptake and accumulation in plants that interferes with the physiological activities of the plants. Dietary intake of Cd through consumption of plants has long-term detrimental effects on human and animals. Investigations have suggested involvement of oxidative stress, increased plasma membrane permeability, altered enzyme activities, expression of peptides, and several other biochemical responses in plants grown under elevated soil Cd levels. In nature, there are plants that accumulate high amount of Cd in their tissues and are called as metal hyperaccumulators. This bioaccumulation capacity of hyperaccumulator plants is presently being exploited for bioremediation (cleaning of metal-contaminated sites using plants) purposes. Understanding the genetic basis, the physiological pathways for Cd in particular and the adaptive significance of metal hyperaccumulation is important from the viewpoint of agriculture, human health, and restoration of the environment. With the identification of plant genomes and the genes induced under Cd stress that primarily include those encoding for transporter proteins, metal sequestering peptides, and enzymes of sulfur metabolism in plants, the mechanisms underlying Cd uptake, accumulation, transport, chelation, and detoxification in plants are important. This chapter presents an overview of the research information on sources and effects of cadmium metal on plants in particular. The knowledge of metal hyperaccumulation physiology and the molecular and genetic basis of Cd tolerance and detoxification in plants forms a major part of this chapter. The prospects and the future applications of hyperaccumulators in phytoremediation of Cd metal are also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

I wish to acknowledge the contributions of the members of Environmental Science, Biochemical and Bioinformatics Laboratory, IESD, Banaras Hindu University, and valuable collaboration with colleagues. The work of my laboratory is supported by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi. My apologies to all those researchers whose work could not be included in this chapter due to space limitation.

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  1. Environmental Science, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India

    Kavita Shah

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  1. , Inst. Allgemeine Botanik u. Pflanzenphys, Universität Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, Jena, 07743, Germany

    Irena Sherameti

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Shah, K. (2011). Cadmium Metal Detoxification and Hyperaccumulators. In: Sherameti, I., Varma, A. (eds) Detoxification of Heavy Metals. Soil Biology, vol 30. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21408-0_10

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