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Corylus

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Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources

Abstract

The Corylus genus of the family Betulaceae represents a diverse group of useful woody plants, ranging from small, multi-stemmed shrubs to tall, stately trees, all of which produce edible nuts. The most widely known and well-studied species is the European hazelnut of commerce, Corylus avellana L., with most of the others being underutilized and underrepresented in world germplasm collections, breeding, and research efforts. Hazelnuts are a very low-input, high-value crop adapted to a wide variety of climates and soils, the production of which has many economic and ecological benefits. In addition, recent epidemiological and clinical studies have provided strong evidence that frequent tree nut consumption, including hazelnuts, is associated with favorable plasma lipid profiles and a reduced risk of heart disease, cancers, strokes, inflammation, and other chronic health issues. These positive economic, environmental, and health factors are driving increased production and market demand worldwide, with production acreage increasing nearly 14% over the past 10 years. Until only recently, world production has been based entirely on traditional selections made from local populations, whose exact origins have been largely lost with antiquity. As such, genetic diversity remains high and rapid genetic gains are expected through breeding. In addition, the interspecific hybridization potential within Corylus is significant, and wild species can contribute important characteristics toward developing improved and more widely adapted new cultivars to meet increasing demand for high-quality nut production, as well as for ornamentals and other end uses. In this chapter, Corylus genetic resources and breeding potential are discussed, stressing the need to conserve and study the wild species, some of which are threatened or may be experiencing unchecked genetic erosion.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to gratefully acknowledge the contributions to this manuscript of J Capik, C Leadbetter, X Ming, R Funk, and S Mehlenbacher.

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  1. Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA

    Thomas J. Molnar

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  1. Thomas J. Molnar
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Correspondence to Thomas J. Molnar .

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  1. Institute of Nutraceutical Research, Clemson University, Jordan Hall 109, Clemson, 29634, South Carolina, USA

    Chittaranjan Kole

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Molnar, T.J. (2011). Corylus. In: Kole, C. (eds) Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21250-5_2

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