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Effect of Natural Vegetation Strips and Herbicides on Enzyme Activities and Bacterial Diversity in Olive-Orchard Systems

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Soil Enzymology in the Recycling of Organic Wastes and Environmental Restoration

Part of the book series: Environmental Science and Engineering ((ENVSCIENCE))

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Abstract

The use of vegetation strips in mountainous olive-orchards is of major importance in reducing soil erosion and minimizing the adverse effects of the herbicides transfer to surface waters. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of natural vegetation strips and herbicides on soil enzyme activities and changes in bacterial community structures. Thus, four enzyme activities were determined in soil samples from different zones in an integrated olive-orchard system on slopes. Changes in microbial population were analysed by using PCR assays to target 16S rDNA genes and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0–5 cm from the experimental plot upslope and downslope: (1) under the vegetation strips before and after application of glyphosate, (2) from bare soil between the strips and under the olive trees treated with oxyfluorfen and glyphosate, (3) native soil from a non-cultivated area. Enzyme activities and bacterial diversity were lower in soils from the olive-orchard system than in the native soil. In the olive-orchard system, the enzyme activities in soils from the strips were higher than in bare soils and soils under trees. In the soils under strips, the level of β-glucosidase and phosphatase activities increased after the application of glyphosate while dehydrogenase and urease activities decreased. The presence of natural vegetation in the strips as well as herbicide application modified the bacterial community structure and the biodiversity indices. Soil sampled in the downslope strip and after glyphosate addition showed the highest biodiversity values and dominance indices.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the “Junta de Andalucía” (Project P06-AGR-1565). A. Vivas would like to thank the CSIC “Program JAE-DOC” for funding her research. J.M. Castillo and J.D. Fernández-Bayo thank the Science and Innovation Ministry for their FPI doctoral grants. We received invaluable assistance from Miguel Romero who worked closely with us on supervising the experimental plot and collecting field data. We would also like to thank Michael O’Shea for proofreading the document.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Enviromental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, c/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain

    Jean Manuel Castillo, Esperanza Romero, Jesús Fernández-Bayo, Astrid Vivas & Rogelio Nogales

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  1. Jean Manuel Castillo
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  2. Esperanza Romero
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  3. Jesús Fernández-Bayo
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  4. Astrid Vivas
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  5. Rogelio Nogales
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Correspondence to Rogelio Nogales .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Bioquimica del Suelo, Investigac. Agrobiol. de, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Apartado 122, Santiago de Compostela, 15780, Spain

    Carmen Trasar-Cepeda

  2. , Department of Soil and Water Conservatio, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, Spain

    Teresa Hernández

  3. , Department of Soil and Water Conservatio, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, Spain

    Carlos García

  4. Fac. Ciencias, Depto. Microbiología, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos, 09001, Spain

    Carlos Rad

  5. , Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Burgos, Cantabria Av., Burgos, 09006, Spain

    Salvador González-Carcedo

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Castillo, J.M., Romero, E., Fernández-Bayo, J., Vivas, A., Nogales, R. (2011). Effect of Natural Vegetation Strips and Herbicides on Enzyme Activities and Bacterial Diversity in Olive-Orchard Systems. In: Trasar-Cepeda, C., Hernández, T., García, C., Rad, C., González-Carcedo, S. (eds) Soil Enzymology in the Recycling of Organic Wastes and Environmental Restoration. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21162-1_19

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