Abstract
Hemicelluloses are abundant polysaccharides, occurring in all plants as structural components. In spite of their abundance, the industrial utilization of hemicelluloses is minor in comparison with the use of starch and cellulose. Recent studies on the use of hemicelluloses as blends, composites and nanocomposites have brought up new possibilities for hemicellulose utilization, such as in biodegradable packaging materials and edible coatings.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Glasser, W.G., Kaar, W.E., Jain, R.K., Sealey, J.E.: Isolation options for non-cellulosic heteropolysaccharide (HetPS). Cellulose 7, 299–317 (2000)
Willför, S., Rehn, P., Sundberg, A., Sundberg, K., Holmbom, B.: Recovery of water-soluble acetylgalactoglucomannans from mechanical pulp of spruce. Tappi J. 2, 27–32 (2003)
Willför, S., Sundberg, K., Tenkanen, M., Holmbom, B.: Spruce derived mannans—A potential raw material for hydrocolloids and novel advanced natural materials. Carbohydr. Polym. 72, 197–210 (2008)
Klemm, D., Schmauder, H.-P., Heinze, T.: Cellulose. In: Vandamme, E.J., De Baets, S., Steinbüchel, A. (eds.) Biopolymers, vol. 6, pp. 275–319. Wiley, Germany (2002). (Polysaccharides II. Polysaccharides from Eukaryotes)
Aspinall, G.O.: Structural chemistry of the hemicelluloses. Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. 14, 429–468 (1959)
Dea, I.C.M., Morrison, A.: Chemistry and interactions of seed galactomannans. Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem. 31, 241–312 (1975)
Takigami, S.: Konjac mannan. In: Phillips, G.O., Williams, P.A. (eds.) Handbook of Hydrocolloids, pp. 413–424. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge (2000)
Eberingerová, A., Heinze, T.: Naturally occurring xylans structures, isolation procedures and properties. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 21, 542–556 (2000)
Izydorczyk, M.S., Biliaderis, C.G.: Cereal arabinoxylanase: advances in structure and physicochemical properties. Carbohydr. Polym. 28, 33–48 (1995)
Lawther, J.M., Sun, R.C., Banks, W.B.: Extraction, fractionation, and characterization of structural polysaccharides from wheat straw. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43, 667–675 (1995)
Sjöström, E.: Wood Chemistry Fundamentals and Applications. Academic Press, Inc, San Diego (1993)
Timell, T.E.: Recent progress in the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses. Wood Sci. Technol. 1, 45–70 (1967)
Dierckx, S., Dewettinck, K.: Seed gums. In: De Baets, S., Vandamme, E.J., Steinbüchel, A. (eds.) Biopolymers (Polysaccharides II. Polysaccharides from Eukaryotes), vol. 6, pp. 322–340. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim (2002)
Neukom, H.: Galactomannans: properties and applications. LWT Food Sci. Technol. 22, 41–45 (1989)
Nishinari, K., Williams, P.A., Phillips, G.O.: Review of the physico-chemical characteristics and properties of konjac mannan. Food Hydrocolloids 6, 199–222 (1992)
Buckeridge, M.S., Dietrich, S.M.C., Lima, D.U.: Galactomannans as the reserve carbohydrate in legume seeds. In: Gupta, A.K., Kaur, N. (eds.) Carbohydrate reserves in plants—synthesis and regulation, pp. 283–316. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2000)
Sandhu, J.S., Hudson, G.J., Kennedy, J.F.: The gel nature and structure of the carbohydrate of Ispaghula husk ex Plantago ovata forsk. Carbohydr. Res. 93, 247–259 (1981)
Stephen, A.M.: Other plant polysaccharides. In: Aspinall, G.O. (ed.) The Polysaccharides, pp. 97–193. Academic, New York (1983)
Robyt, J.F.: Essentials of Carbohydrate Chemistry. Springer, New York (1998)
Fredon, E., Granet, R., Zerrouki, R., Krausz, P., Saulnier, L., Thibault, J.F., Rosier, J., Petit, C.: Hydrophobic films from maize bran hemicelluloses. Carbohydr. Polym. 49, 1–12 (2002)
Sun, R.C., Sun, X.F., Tomkinson, J.: Hemicelluloses and their derivatives. In: Gatenholm, P., Tenkanen, M. (eds.) Hemicelluloses: Science and Technology, ACS Symposium Series 864, pp. 2–22. American Chemical Society, Washington (2004)
Daas, P.J.H., Schols, H.A., Jongh, H.H.J.: On the galactosyl distribution of commercial galactomannans. Carbohydr. Res. 329, 609–619 (2000)
Baker, C.W., Whistler, R.L.: Distribution of D-galactosyl groups in guaran and locust-bean gum. Carbohydr. Res. 45, 237–243 (1975)
Tenkanen, M., Makkonen, M., Perttula, M., Viikari, L., Teleman, A.: Action of Trichoderma reesei mannanase on galactoglucomannan in pine kraft pulp. J. Biotechnol. 57, 191–204 (1997)
Fincher, G.B., Stone, B.A.: Cell walls and their components in cereal grain technology. In: Pomeranz, Y. (ed.) Advances in Cereal Science and Technology, American Association of Cereal Chemists Inc., St Paul, pp. 207–295 (1986)
Alén, R.: Structure and chemical composition of wood. In: Stenius, P. (ed.) Forest Products Chemistry, pp. 12–57. Fapet Oy, Helsinki (2000)
Fang, J.M., Sun, R.C., Fowler, P., Tomkinson, J., Hill, C.A.S.: Esterification of wheat straw hemicelluloses in the N, N–dimethylformamide/lithium cloride homogeneous system. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 74, 2301–2311 (1999)
Tenkanen, M.: Enzymatic tailoring of hemicelluloses. In: Gatenholm, P., Tenkanen, M. (eds.) Hemicelluloses: Science and Technology, ACS Symposium Series 864, American Chemical Society, Washington, pp. 292–311 (2004)
Gabrielii, I., Gatenholm, P.: Preparation and properties of hydrogels based on hemicelluloses. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 69, 1661–1667 (1998)
Gabrielii, I., Gatenholm, P., Glasser, W.G., Jain, R.K., Kenne, L.: Separation, characterization and hydrogel-formation of hemicellulose from aspen wood. Carbohydr. Polym. 43, 367–374 (2000)
Kayserilioğlu, B.Ş., Bakir, U., Yilmaz, L., Akkaş, N.: Use of xylan, an agricultural by-product, in wheat gluten based biodegradable films: mechanical, solubility and water vapour transfer rate properties. Bioresour. Technol. 87, 239–246 (2003)
Phan, D., Debeaufort, F., Voilley, A., Luu, D.: Biopolymer interactions affect the functional properties of edible films based on agar, cassava starch and arabinoxylan blends. J. Food Eng. 90, 548–558 (2009)
Ye, X., Kennedy, J.F., Li, B., Xie, B.J.: Condensed state structure and biocompatibility of the konjac glucomannan/chitosan blend films. Carbohydr. Polym. 64, 532–538 (2006)
Jia, D., Fang, Y., Yao, K.: Water vapour barrier and mechanical properties of konjac glucomannan-chitosan-soy protein isolate edible films. Food Bioprod. Process. 87, 7–10 (2009)
Xiao, C., Gao, S., Zhang, L.: Blend films from konjac glucomannan and sodium alginate solutions and their preservative effect. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 77, 617–626 (2000)
Xiao, C., Weng, L., Zhang, L.: Improvement of physical properties of crosslinked alginate and carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan blend films. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 84, 2554–2560 (2002)
Wang, B., Jia, D.-Y., Ruan, S.-Q., Qin, S.: Structure and properties of collagen-konjac glucomannan-sodium alginate blend films. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 106, 327–332 (2007)
Xiao, C., Lu, Y., Liu, H., Zhang, L.: Preparation and characterization of konjac glucomannan and sodium carboxymethylcellulose blend films. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 80, 26–31 (2001)
Cheng, L.H., Karim, A.A., Norziah, M.H., Seow, C.C.: Modification of the microstructural and physical properties of konjac glucomannan-based films by alkali and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Food Res. Int. 35, 829–836 (2002)
Cheng, L.H., Karim, A.A., Seow, C.C.: Characterisation of composite films made of konjac glucomannan (KGM), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and lipid. Food Chem. 107, 411–418 (2008)
Yu, Z., Jiang, Y., Zou, W., Duan, J., Xiong, X.: Preparation and characterization of cellulose and konjac glucomannan blend film from ionic liquid. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 47, 1686–1694 (2009)
Li, Q., Qi, W., Su, R., He, Z.: Preparation and characterization of enzyme-modified konjac glucomannan/xanthan blend films. J. Biomater. Sci. 20, 299–310 (2009)
Chen, J., Liu, C., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., Chang, P.R.: Structural characterization and properties of starch/konjac glucomannan blend films. Carbohydr. Polym. 74, 946–952 (2008)
Xu, X., Li, B., Kennedy, J.F., Xie, B.J., Huang, M.: Characterization of konjac glucomannan–gellan gum blend films and their suitability for release of nisin incorporated therein. Carbohydr. Polym. 70, 192–197 (2007)
Xiao, C., Lu, Y., Gao, S., Zhang, L.: Characterization of konjac glucomannan–gelatine blend films. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 79, 1596–1602 (2000)
Li, B., Kennedy, J.F., Jiang, Q.G., Xie, B.J.: Quick dissolvable, edible and heat sealable blend films based on konjac glucomannan—gelatin. Food Res. Int. 39, 544–549 (2006)
Sothornvit, R., Chollakup, R.: Properties of sericin-glucomannan composite films. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 44, 1395–1400 (2009)
Xiao, C., Liu, H., Gao, S., Zhang, L.: Characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)—konjac glucomannan blend films. J. Macromol. Sci. Part A Pure Appl. Chem. 37, 1009–1021 (2000)
Li, B., Xie, B.: Synthesis and characterization of konjac glucomannan/poly(vinyl alcohol) interpenetrating polymer networks. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 93, 2775–2780 (2004)
Xiao, C., Liu, H., Lu, Y., Zhang, L.: Characterization of poly(vinylpyrrolidone)—konjac glucomannan blend films. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 81, 1049–1055 (2001)
Liu, C., Xiao, C.: Characterization of konjac glucomannan—quaternized poly(4-vinyl-N-butyl) pyridine blend films and their preservation effect. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 93, 1868–1875 (2004)
Yang, G., Huang, Q., Zhang, L., Zhou, J., Gao, S.: Miscibility and properties of blend materials from waterborne polyurethane and carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 92, 77–83 (2004)
Lu, J., Zhang, J., Xiao, C.: Preparation and characterization of konjac glucomannan/poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) blend films. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 106, 1972–1981 (2007)
Lu, J., Wang, X., Xiao, C.: Preparation and characterization of konjac glucomannan/poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) antibacterial blend films. Carbohydr. Polym. 73, 427–437 (2008)
Kim, J.K., Jo, C., Park, H.J., Byun, M.W.: Effect of gamma irradiation on the physicochemical properties of a starch-based film. Food Hydrocolloids 22, 248–254 (2008)
Rao, M.S., Kanatt, S.R., Chawla, S.P., Sharme, A.: Chitosan and guar gum composite films: Preparation, physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties. Carbohydr. Polym. 82, 1243–1247 (2010)
Hartman, J., Albertsson, A.-C., Söderqvist Lindblad, M., Sjöberg, J.: Oxygen barrier materials from renewable sources: Material properties of softwood hemicellulose-based films. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 100, 2985–2991 (2006)
Hartman, J., Albertsson, A.-C., Sjöberg, J.: Surface- and bulk-modified galactoglucomannan hemicellulose films and film laminates for versatile oxygen barriers. Biomacromolecules 7, 1983–1989 (2006)
Mikkonen, K.S., Yadav, M.P., Cooke, P., Willför, S., Hicks, K.B., Tenkanen, M.: Films from spruce galactoglucomannan blended with poly(vinyl alcohol), corn arabinoxylan, and konjac glucomannan. BioResources 3, 178–191 (2008)
Mikkonen, K.S., Heikkilä, M.I., Helén, H., Hyvönen, L., Tenkanen, M.: Spruce galactoglucomannan films show promising barrier properties. Carbohydr. Polym. 79, 1107–1112 (2010)
Edlund, U., Ryberg, Y.Z., Albertsson, A.-C.: Barrier films from renewable forestry waste. Biomacromolecules 11, 2532–2538 (2010)
Zhu Ryberg, Y.Z., Edlund, U., Albertsson, A.-C.: Conceptual approach to renewable barrier film design based on wood hydrolysate. Biomacromolecules 12, 1355–1362 (2011)
Dammström, S., Salmén, L., Gatenholm, P.: The effect of moisture on the dynamical mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose/glucuronoxylan nano composites. Polymer 46, 10364–10371 (2005)
Dammström, S., Salmén, L., Gatenholm, P.: On the interactions between cellulose and xylan, a biomimetic simulation of the hardwood cell wall. BioResources 4, 3–14 (2009)
Saxena, A., Elder, T.J., Pan, S., Ragauskas, A.J.: Novel noncellulosic xylan composite film. Compos. Part B 40, 727–730 (2009)
Saxena, A., Ragauskas, A.J.: Water transmission barrier properties of biodegradable films based on cellulosic whiskers and xylan. Carbohydr. Polym. 78, 357–360 (2009)
Saxena, A., Elder, T.J., Kenvin, J., Ragauskas, A.J.: High oxygen nano composite barrier films based on xylan and nano crystalline cellulose. Nano-Micro Lett. 2, 235–241 (2010)
Saxena, A., Elder, T.J., Ragauskas, A.J.: Moisture barrier properties of xylan composite films. Carbohydr. Polym. 84, 1371–1377 (2011)
Viota, J.L., Lopez-Viota, M., Saake, B., Stana-Kleinschek, K., Delgado, A.V.: Organoclay particles as reinforcing agents in polysaccharide films. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 347, 74–78 (2010)
Stevanic, J.S., Joly, C., Mikkonen, K.S., Pirkkalainen, K., Serimaa, R., Rémond, C., Toriz, G., Gatenholm, P., Tenkanen, M., Salmén, L.: Bacterial nano cellulose-reinforced arabinoxylan films. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 122, 1030–1039 (2011)
Tian, D., Hu, W., Zheng, Z., Liu, H., Xie, H.-Q.: Study on in situ synthesis of konjac glucomannan/silver nano composites via photochemical reduction. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 100, 1323–1327 (2006)
Lu, J., Xiao, C.: Preparation and characterization of carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan/sodium montmorillonite hybrid films. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 103, 2954–2961 (2007)
Zhang, F.-Y., Zhou, Y.-M., Cao, Y., Chen, J.: Preparation and characterization of KGM/CdS nanocomposite film with low infrared emissivity. Mater. Lett. 61, 4811–4814 (2007)
Zhang, F.-Y., Zhou, Y.-M., Sun, Y.-Q., Chen, J., Ye, X.-Y., Huang, J.-Y.: Preparation and characterization of chitosan/konjac glucomannan/CdS nano composite film with low infrared emissivity. Mater. Res. Bull. 45, 859–862 (2010)
Mikkonen, K.S., Mathew, A.P., Pirkkalainen, K., Serimaa, R., Xu, C., Willför, S., Oksman, K., Tenkanen, M.: Glucomannan composite films with cellulose nano whiskers. Cellulose 17, 69–81 (2010)
Mikkonen, K.S., Stevanic, J.S., Joly, C., Dole, P., Pirkkalainen, K., Serimaa, R., Salmén, L., Tenkanen, M.: Composite films from spruce galactoglucomannans with micro fibrillated spruce wood cellulose. Cellulose 18, 713–726 (2011)
Yu, H., Lu, J., Xiao, C.: Preparation and properties of novel hydro gels from oxidized konjac glucomannan cross-linked chitosan for in vitro drug delivery. Macromol. Biosci. 7, 1100–1111 (2007)
Acknowledgments
Prof. Maija Tenkanen (University of Helsinki, Finland) is thanked for careful reading and commenting this manuscript and Dr. Kirsti Parikka for drawing the chemical structures presented in Figs. 9.1 and 9.2. The Academy of Finland is acknowledged for financial support through the Wood Wisdom-Net Programme (BioPack project).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mikkonen, K.S. (2013). Recent Studies on Hemicellulose-Based Blends, Composites and Nanocomposites. In: Thomas, S., Visakh, P., Mathew, A. (eds) Advances in Natural Polymers. Advanced Structured Materials, vol 18. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20940-6_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20940-6_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-20939-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-20940-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)