Skip to main content

Theorizing in Design Science Research

  • Conference paper

Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNISA,volume 6629)

Abstract

Theory is a central element in research. Due to the importance of theory in research, considerable efforts have been made to better understand the process of theorizing, i.e., development of a theory. A review of the literature in this area suggests that two dominant theorizing approaches are anchored to deductive and inductive reasoning respectively. In contrast, an essential part of theorizing for design may involve abductive reasoning. The purpose of design theory is not to advance declarative logic regarding truth or falseness, but to guide learning and problem solving through the conceptualization of a design artifact. This paper critically examines the process of theorizing for design by developing an idealized design theorizing framework. The framework indicates that theorizing for design operates in two distinct domains: instance and abstract. Further, four key theorizing activities are identified in this framework: abstraction, solution search, de-abstraction, and registration. The framework provides grounds for building strong design theories in the design science paradigm by explicating the underlying theorizing process for design.

Keywords

  • Design Theory
  • Theorizing in Design Science Research

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Winter, R.: Design science research in Europe. European Journal of Information Systems 17, 470–475 (2008)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  2. Baskerville, R., Lyytinen, K., Sambamurthy, V., Straub, D.: A response to the design-oriented information systems research memorandum. European Journal of Information Systems 20, 11–15 (2011)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  3. Gregor, S., Jones, D.: The anatomy of a design theory. Journal of the Association for Information Systems 8, 312–335 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Walls, J.G., Widmeyer, G.R., El Sawy, O.A.: Building an Information System Design Theory for Vigilant EIS. Information Systems Research 3, 36–59 (1992)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  5. Sutton, R.I., Staw, B.M.: What Theory is Not. Administrative Science Quarterly 40, 371–384 (1995)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  6. Weick, K.E.: What Theory is Not, Theorizing Is. Administrative Science Quarterly 40, 385–390 (1995)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  7. Dubin, R.: Theory Building in Applied Areas. In: Dunnette, M.D. (ed.) Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Rand McNally, Chicago (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Locke, E.A.: The Case for Inductive Theory Building. Journal of Management 33, 867–890 (2007)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  9. Eisenhardt, K.M.: Building Theories from Case Study Research. Academy of Management Review 14, 532–550 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Glaser, B.G., Strauss, A.: The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Wiedenfeld and Nicholson, London (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Popper, K.: The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Unwin Hyman, London (1980)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Weick, K.E.: Theory Construction As Disciplined Imagination. Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review 14, 516–531 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Freese, L.: Formal Theorizing. Annual Review of Sociology 6, 187–212 (1980)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  14. Homans, G.C.: Contemporary Theory in Sociology. In: Faris, R.E.L. (ed.) Handbook of Modern Sociology, pp. 951–977. Rand McNally, Chicago (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kaplan, A.: The conduct of inquiry. Chandler, San Francisco (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Alvesson, M., Karreman, D.A.N.: Constructing Mystery: Empirical Matters In Theory Development. Academy of Management Review 32, 1265–1281 (2007)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  17. Gergen, K.J.: Correspondence versus autonomy in the language of understanding human action. In: Fiske, D.W., Shweder, R.A. (eds.) Metatheory in Social Science, pp. 136–162. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Henshel, R.L.: Sociology and prediction. The American Sociologist 6, 213–220 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Simon, H.: The Sciences of the Artificial. MIT Press, Cambridge (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Brown, T.: Design Thinking. Harvard Business Review, 1–10 (June 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Martin, R.: The Design of Business. Harvard Business Press, Boston (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Peirce, C.S.: The Logic of Drawing History from Ancient Documents. In: Burks, A.W. (ed.) Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, Volumes VII and VIII: Science and Philosophy and Reviews, Correspondence and Bibliography, vol. 7. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Gregor, S.: Building Theory in the Sciences of the Artificial. In: Vaishnavi, V., Purao, S. (eds.) Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology. ACM, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Parnas, D., Clements, P.: A rational design process: How and why to fake it. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering SE 12, 251–257 (1986)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  25. Baskerville, R., Pries-Heje, J.: Explanatory Design Theory. Business & Information Systems Engineering 2, 271–282 (2010)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  26. Goldkuhl, G.: Design Theories in Information Systems - a need for multi-grounding. Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application 6, 59–72 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Pries-Heje, J., Baskerville, R.: The Design Theory Nexus. MIS Quarterly 32, 731–755 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Aier, S., Fischer, C.: Criteria of progress for information systems design theories. Information Systems and E-Business Management 9, 133–172 (2011)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  29. Kuechler, B., Vaishnavi, V.: On the theory development in design science research: Anatomy of a research project. European Journal of Information Systems 17, 489–504 (2008)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  30. Davis, M.S.: That’s Interesting!: Towards a Phenomenology of Sociology and a Sociology of Phenomenology. Philosophy of the Social Sciences 1, 309–344 (1971)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  31. Bacharach, S.B.: Organizational theories. Academy of Management Review 14, 496–515 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Root-Bernstein, R.S.: Discovering: Inventing and Solving Problems at the Frontiers of Scientific Knowledge. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Lee, A.S., Baskerville, R.L.: Generalizing Generalizability in Information Systems Research. Information Systems Research 14, 221–243 (2003)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  34. Yin, R.: Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Kant, I.: Critique of the Power of Judgment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  36. Dewey, J.: How We Think: A Restatement of the Relation of Reflective Thinking to the Educative Process. Heath, Lexington (1933)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Dewey, J.: Logic: The Theory of Inquiry. Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, Troy, MO (1938)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Hevner, A.R., March, S.T., Park, J., Ram, S.: Design science in information systems research. MIS Quarterly 28, 75–105 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  39. March, S.T., Smith, G.F.: Design and natural science research on information technology. Decision Support Systems 15, 251–266 (1995)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  40. Vaishnavi, V.K., Kuechler, W.: Research patterns: Improving and innovating information & communication technology. Auerbach Publications, New York (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Gregor, S.: The nature of theory in information systems. MIS Quarterly 30, 611–642 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Pries-Heje, J., Vinter, O.: A Framework for Selecting Change Strategies in IT Organizations. In: Münch, J., Vierimaa, M. (eds.) PROFES 2006. LNCS, vol. 4034, pp. 408–414. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  43. Carroll, J.M., Kellogg, W.A.: Artifact as theory-nexus: hermeneutics meets theory-based design. In: ACM SIGCHI Bulletin–Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Wings for the Mind, vol. 20, pp. 7–14 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Pries-Heje, J., Baskerville, R.: Improving Software Organizations: An Analysis of Diverse Normative Models. In: Messnarz, R. (ed.) Proceedings of European Software Process Improvement 2003, pp. X.23–X.39. Verlag der Teknischen Universität Graz, Graz (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Pries-Heje, J., Baskerville, R.: A design theory for managing software process improvement. In: Vaishanvi, V., Purao, S. (eds.) Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology, pp. 1–2. ACM, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Aaen, I.: Essence: facilitating software innovation. European Journal of Information Systems 17, 543–553 (2008)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  47. Baskerville, R.L., Pries-Heje, J.: Design and management. In: Simonsen, J., Bærenholdt, J.O., Büscher, M., Scheuer, J.D. (eds.) Design Research: Synergies from Interdisciplinary Perspectives, pp. 63–78. Routledge, London (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Isenberg, D.J.: Thinking and Managing: A Verbal Protocol Analysis of Managerial Problem Solving. The Academy of Management Journal 29, 599–775 (1986)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  49. Ericsson, K.A., Simon, H.A.: Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  50. McAllister, J.W.: The evidential significance of thought experiment in science. Studies In History and Philosophy of Science Part A 27, 233–250 (1995)

    CrossRef  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Lee, J.S., Pries-Heje, J., Baskerville, R. (2011). Theorizing in Design Science Research. In: Jain, H., Sinha, A.P., Vitharana, P. (eds) Service-Oriented Perspectives in Design Science Research. DESRIST 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6629. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20633-7_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20633-7_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-20632-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-20633-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)