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Springer Handbook of Nanomaterials pp 819–858Cite as

Zeolites

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Abstract

Zeolites are natural materials that have surrounded us since the beginnings of the history of mankind. They may have been used by ancient man instinctively; however, their use is only documented from about the middle of the 18th century. They became the wonder materials of the 20th century, and remain so in our time as well. Their secret lies in their porous structure, the wide variety of their three-dimensional channel system, and the diversity of their pore size, reaching nanometer dimensions. Their synthesized varieties have many applications, as described in this chapter, but perhaps the most important is their use as catalysts. Indeed, their use in acid-catalyzed isomerization of straight-chain hydrocarbons to produce high-octane gasoline has shaped our world and generated much wealth. However, this is not their only catalytic application; their tunable structural features and the constrained environment they provide allow their use in catalysis of many types of reactions, tremendously influencing the selectivities of transformations.

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Abbreviations

2-D:

two-dimensional

AAS:

atomic absorption spectroscopy

AFM:

atomic force microscopy

Acac:

acetylacetone

AlPO:

aluminophosphate

CO:

cuboctahedron

COSY:

correlation spectroscopy

D4R:

double four ring

DQ:

double quantum

EDTA:

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

EPR:

electron paramagnetic resonance

ElAP(S)O:

element aluminophosphosilicate

FABMS:

fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy

HF:

hydrofluoric acid

HREM:

high-resolution electron microscopy

ICP:

inductively coupled plasma

IR:

infrared

IZA:

International Zeolite Association

LPM:

large-pore mordenite

LTA:

Linde type A

MAPO:

metalaluminophosphate

MAPSO:

metalaluminophosphosilicates

MAS:

magic angle spinning

MFI:

melt–flow index

NMR:

nuclear magnetic resonance

PFG:

pulsed-field-gradient

RF:

radio frequency

SAPO:

silicoaluminophosphate

SBU:

secondary building unit

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

SIMS:

secondary-ion mass spectrometry

SP:

surface plasmon

SPM:

small-pore mordenite

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy

TO:

truncated octahedron

TPA:

tetrapropylammonium

TPD:

temperature programmed desorption

UV:

ultraviolet

XPS:

x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

XRD:

x-ray diffraction

ZLC:

zero-length-column

ZSM:

zeolite sieve of molecular porosity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, 6720, Szeged, Hungary

    István Pálinkó

  2. Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Bela tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary

    Zoltán Kónya

  3. Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged, Hungary

    Ákos Kukovecz

Authors
  1. István Pálinkó
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  2. Zoltán Kónya
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  3. Ákos Kukovecz
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  4. Imre Kiricsi (deceased)
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Correspondence to István Pálinkó , Zoltán Kónya or Ákos Kukovecz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, 6100 Main MS-321, 77005-1827, Houston, USA

    Robert Vajtai

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Pálinkó, I., Kónya, Z., Kukovecz, Á., Kiricsi (deceased), I. (2013). Zeolites. In: Vajtai, R. (eds) Springer Handbook of Nanomaterials. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20595-8_22

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