Abstract
The construction of classical physics started at the beginning of the seventeenth century. By the end of the nineteenth century, the building appeared to have been completed: the mechanics of Galileo Galilei and of Isaac Newton, the electromagnetism of Michael Faraday and James Maxwell and the thermodynamics of Ludwig Boltzmann and Hermann Helmholtz were by then well established, from both the theoretical and the experimental points of view. The edifice was truly completed when Albert Einstein developed the special and the general theories of relativity, in the early twentieth century.
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- 1.
There also exist other formulations of quantum mechanics. All of them yield the same result for the same problem, but one of them may be easier to apply or may provide a better insight in a given situation. The list of quantum formalisms includes the path-integral (Feynman), phase space (Wigner), density matrix, second quantization, variational, pilot wave (Bohm) and the Hamilton–Jacobi formulations [13]. In the present text the second quantization formalism is presented in Sect. 7.8 † , the density matrix in Sect. 14.4 and the path integral in Sect. 11.3 † .
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Bes, D.R. (2012). Introduction. In: Quantum Mechanics. Graduate Texts in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20556-9_1
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