Introduction to Modern Physics

Abstract

Chapter 1 consists of 59 problems that are spread over 31 sections providing an introduction to modern physics by addressing the basic elements of atomic, nuclear, relativistic, and quantum physics as well as electromagnetic theory. Medical physics has its origin in Wilhelm Röntgen’s discovery of x rays in 1895, Antoine-Henri Becquerel’s discovery of natural radioactivity in 1896 and discovery of radium by Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie in 1898. Just as knowledge of basic physics was important to physicists working with physicians on the early uses of ionizing radiation in medicine, so is knowledge of basic physics and modern physics of great importance to contemporary medical physicists.

After introducing the basic physical constants and the derived physical constants of importance in modern physics and medical physics, this chapter deals with rules that govern physical quantities and units and the classification of natural forces, fundamental particles, and ionizing radiation. It also addresses the basic definitions for atomic and nuclear structure, concepts of physics of small dimensions (quantum physics) and concepts of physics of large velocities (relativistic physics). Problems at the end of Chap. 1 deal with wave–particle duality, basic wave mechanics, Maxwell equations, and normal probability distribution.

Medical physics is a perfect and long-standing example of translational research where basic experimental and theoretical discoveries are rapidly implemented into benefiting humanity through improved diagnostic and therapeutic procedures based on ionizing radiation. This chapter provides the background knowledge that is required for a study of radiation physics as well as for working as medical physicist on a medical team dealing with patients in diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine, and radiotherapy.