Abstract
Hubble’s recession of the distant galaxies, the observation of the cosmic microwave radiation, and recent observational data coupled with Einstein’s gravitational theory have established the inflationary Big Bang model as the standard scheme for determining the important milestones in the evolution of the Universe.
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Notes
- 1.
Clusters of galaxies containing hundreds of galaxies and smaller structures than that do not follow space in its expansion, because gravitational attraction keeps them together.
- 2.
If the rate of expansion predicted by the GTR was the actual one at all times, the distance between these points would be at all times t much larger than \( c\,t; \) hence these points would never have the opportunity to communicate with each other and established the same temperature; thus the coincidence of their temperatures would be an accident. In contrast, the existence of such a fast expansion rate as that of inflation, implies that these points were in close communication before the inflation period and, hence, they had the opportunity to have equal temperature.
- 3.
An expansion by thirty orders of magnitude in almost zero time will make the term \( C/R^{2} \) 60 orders of magnitude smaller and, hence, absolutely negligible.
- 4.
The term \( TdS \) is practically zero, because the dissipation terms are negligible in comparison with the energy density which contains the rest energy of the particles.
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© 2011 Eleftherios N. Economou
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Economou, E.N. (2011). The Observable Universe. In: A Short Journey from Quarks to the Universe. SpringerBriefs in Physics, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20089-2_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20089-2_13
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