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Ion Channels and Their Inhibitors pp 309–339Cite as

Chloride Ion Channels: Structure, Functions, and Blockers

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Abstract

Chloride ion channels have been found to play crucial roles in the development of human diseases, for example, mutations in the genes encoding Cl− channels lead to a variety of deleterious diseases in muscle, kidney, bone, and brain, including myotonia congenita, dystrophia myotonica, cystic fibrosis, osteopetrosis, and epilepsy, and similarly their activation is supposed to be responsible for the progression of glioma in the brain and the growth of malaria-parasite in the red blood cells. Thus, the study of the structure, function, and blockers of Cl− channels seems to be of great importance. This article therefore presents all important classes of Cl− channels with a detail of their structures, functions, and blockers.

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Abbreviations

CaCC:

Ca2+-activated chloride Cl− channels

CFTR:

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

CLCs:

Cl− channels

CLICs:

Chloride intracellular channels

CTB:

Cynotriphenylborate

Cyclic-AMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Cyclic-GMP:

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate

DIDS:

4,4′-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate

DNDS:

4,4′-Dinitrodisulfonic stilbene

ENaC:

Epithelial Na+ conductance

ER:

Epithelium reticulum

GABA:

γ-Aminobutyric acid

GST:

Glutathione S transferase

HEPES:

4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid

IAA:

Indanylooxyacetic acid

LGICs:

Ligand-gated ion channels

MOPS:

3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid

NBFs:

Nucleotide binding folds

ORCCs:

Outward rectifying chloride channels

PTN:

Picrotin

PTX:

Picrotoxin

PTZ:

Pentylenetetylenetetrazole

SITS:

4-Acetamide-4′-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate

TMs:

Transmembrane domains

WT:

Wild type

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  1. Department of Applied Sciences, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India

    Satya P. Gupta

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    Satya Prakash Gupta

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Gupta, S.P., Kaur, P.K. (2011). Chloride Ion Channels: Structure, Functions, and Blockers. In: Gupta, S. (eds) Ion Channels and Their Inhibitors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19922-6_11

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