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Nanocarriers to Deliver Photosensitizers in Topical Photodynamic Therapy and Photodiagnostics

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Nanocosmetics and Nanomedicines

Abstract

Topical photodynamic therapy is used for the prevention and treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer. Until recently, clinically approved indications have been restricted to superficial basal cell carcinoma and nodular, actinic keratoses and, since 2006, Bowen’s disease. Most photosensitizers are relatively hydrophobic and will be attracted to membranes, but even the exception molecules, having substituents that render them watersoluble, bind to membranes because of their hydrophobic ring systems. The primary function of the skin, however, is to protect the body from unwanted influences from the environment. This protection is provided primarily by the stratum corneum, which consists of corneocytes surrounded by lipid regions. The major limitation of PDT is the poor penetration of photosensitizers through biological barriers, like the skin. Over the past 10 years, a considerable number of studies have therefore been conducted on the development of different strategies to overcome these difficulties, including nanocarriers to delivery photosensitizers and their precursors, nanoemulsions, liposomes, ethosomes, invasomes, liquid crystals and magnetic nanoparticles, among others.

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  1. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil

    Wanessa S. G. Medina, Fabíola S. G. Praça, Aline R. H. Carollo & Maria Vitória L. Badra Bentley

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  1. Wanessa S. G. Medina
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  2. Fabíola S. G. Praça
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  3. Aline R. H. Carollo
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  4. Maria Vitória L. Badra Bentley
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  1. Dept. de Produção e Controle de Medicame, Faculdade de Farmácia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Ruy Beck

  2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Dept. de Produção e Controle de Medicame, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Silvia Guterres

  3. Institut of Chemistry, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Adriana Pohlmann

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Medina, W.S.G., Praça, F.S.G., Carollo, A.R.H., Bentley, M.V.L.B. (2011). Nanocarriers to Deliver Photosensitizers in Topical Photodynamic Therapy and Photodiagnostics. In: Beck, R., Guterres, S., Pohlmann, A. (eds) Nanocosmetics and Nanomedicines. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19792-5_15

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