Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Energy

Abstract

Particle physics is a frontier subject which studies the smallest constituents of matter and the laws governing their interactions. It plays an important role in studying the origin and evolution of the universe and the formation and evolution of the celestial bodies. The Standard Model of particle physics has successfully described various phenomena appearing in particle physics experiments and correctly classified all known particles. However, the Standard Model is not the ultimate theory of particle physics and there are a lot of important questions to be answered by new physics theories beyond the Standard Model:

• Higgs is the most important particle in the Standard Model, and it is also the origin of the mass of particle. However, it has not been discovered by far.

• There are too many parameters in the Standard Model to be explained. For instance, why are there just three generations of quarks and leptons? Why are they so different in mass? Why does quark mixing angle occur?

• The physical mechanism of the quark confinement.

• The origin of the CP violation.