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Article 9. Adoption of the text

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Abstract

Art 9 deals with an important phase in treaty making. It contains a residual rule for cases where the negotiators have not specifically agreed on the majority needed for the adoption of the text. Its purpose and function is therefore limited to regulate some rare contentious cases, which might occur in particular in international ad hoc conferences. Art 9 does not deal with the adoption of treaties drawn up in an international organization: for such cases, Art 5 makes clear that the relevant rules of the organization apply.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    LB Sohn Voting Procedures in United Nations Conferences for the Codification of International Law (1975) 69 AJIL 310, 317–318.

  2. 2.

    For the earlier discussions in the ILC on “establishment” or “authentication” see M Kamto in Corten/Klein Art 9 MN 3–5.

  3. 3.

    Waldock I 39 et seq.

  4. 4.

    [1965-II] YbILC 159–163.

  5. 5.

    Final Draft, Commentary to Art 8, 195 para 6.

  6. 6.

    Final Draft, Commentary to Art 8, 194 para 4.

  7. 7.

    For a detailed account of the discussions in Vienna on Art 9, see Sohn (n 1) 326–332.

  8. 8.

    Villiger Art 9 MN 2.

  9. 9.

    Final Draft, Commentary to Art 8, 195 para 5.

  10. 10.

    Sohn (n 1) 332.

  11. 11.

    M Kamto in Corten/Klein Art 9 MN 13.

  12. 12.

    Final Draft, Commentary to Art 8, 194 para 2.

  13. 13.

    Aust 84.

  14. 14.

    Declaration of the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Concerning the Settlement of Claims by the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (1981) 20 ILM 230.

  15. 15.

    P Juillard Le rôle joué par la République populaire et démocratique d’Algérie dans le règlement du contentieux entre les États-Unis d’Amérique et la République islamique d’Iran (1981) 27 AFDI 19, 40–44.

  16. 16.

    Aust 101.

  17. 17.

    UNTS 351.

  18. 18.

    UNTS 167.

  19. 19.

    Conference on Cyprus, Documents Signed and Initialled at Lancaster House on 19 February 1959, Cmnd 679.

  20. 20.

    UNTS 5475.

  21. 21.

    For an interpretation of that clause, see F Hoffmeister Legal Aspects of the Cyprus Problem – Annan Plan and EU Accession (2006) 41–47.

  22. 22.

    Sinclair 36.

  23. 23.

    R Sabel Procedures at International Conferences (2006) 26.

  24. 24.

    Rules of Procedure of the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea, UN Doc A/CONF.62/30/Rev.2.

  25. 25.

    For the negotiations leading to consensus rule, see Sohn (n 1) 333–351 and for its application in practice, see B Buzan Negotiating by Consensus: Developments in Technique at the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (1981) 75 AJIL 324, 332–339, noting that the principle only became workable when the presidents of the several committees were allowed to put before the delegations an informal single negotiating text (at 334).

  26. 26.

    See Art 67 para 7 lit e UNCLOS and Sabel (n 21) 335–338.

  27. 27.

    Rules of Procedure of the UN Conference on Straddling Stocks, 3 May 1993, UN Doc A/CONF.164/6.

  28. 28.

    Final Act of the UN Conference on Straddling Stocks, 7 September 1995, UN Doc A/CONF.164/38 para 30.

  29. 29.

    E Suy Consensus (1992) 1 EPIL 759, 760.

  30. 30.

    Rules of Procedure of the UN Conference on Establishing the International Criminal Court, 23 June 1998, UN Doc A/CONF.183/6.

  31. 31.

    Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 2187 UNTS 90.

  32. 32.

    A Pronto Some Thoughts on the Making of International Law (2008) 19 EJIL 601, 609.

  33. 33.

    Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (with Protocols I, II and III) 1342 UNTS 137.

  34. 34.

    Final Document of the First Review Conference of the Conventional Weapons Convention, 3 May 1996, UN Doc CCW/CONF.I/16 (Part I) para 37.

  35. 35.

    Compare the Rules 13–16 of the Rules of Procedure of the [First] Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction, 22 March 1999, Doc APLC/MSP.1/1993/L.3.

  36. 36.

    UNTS 211.

  37. 37.

    Final Document of the Third Review Conference of the Conventional Weapons Convention, UN Doc CCW/CONF.III/11 (Part I) para 19.

  38. 38.

    Diplomatic Conference for the Adoption of a Convention on Cluster Munitions, Doc CCM/77, http://www.clustermunitionsdublin.ie/pdf/ENGLISHfinaltext.pdf.

  39. 39.

    ILM 1439

  40. 40.

    Aust 88.

  41. 41.

    Reuter 64.

  42. 42.

    M Kamto in Corten/Klein Art 9 MN 26.

  43. 43.

    Final Draft, Commentary to Draft Art 8, 194 para 1.

  44. 44.

    M Kamto in Corten/Klein Art 9 MN 7, considering that adoption of a text is the “établissement definitive, ne varietur, du texte du traité”, is therefore imprecise. He is directly contradicted by his co-commentator Thouvenin, who uses almost the same wording with respect to authentication (J-M Thouvenin in Corten/Klein Art 10 MN 1).

  45. 45.

    United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, UNGA Res 44/25, 20 November 1989, UN Doc A/44/49.

Selected Bibliography

  • B Buzan Negotiating by Consensus: Developments in Technique at the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (1981) 75 AJIL 324–348.

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  • R Sabel Procedures at International Conferences (2006).

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  • LB Sohn Voting Procedures in United Nations Conferences for the Codification of International Law (1975) 69 AJIL 310–353.

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  • E Suy Consensus (1992) 1 EPIL 759–761.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. European Legal Studies Institute, University of Osnabrück, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany

    Professor Dr. Oliver Dörr LL.M. (Lond.)

  2. Faculty of Law Department of Public Law/International Law, University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria

    Professor Dr. Kirsten Schmalenbach

Authors
  1. Professor Dr. Oliver Dörr LL.M. (Lond.)
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  2. Professor Dr. Kirsten Schmalenbach
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Correspondence to Oliver Dörr LL.M. (Lond.) .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , European Legal Studies Institute, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, 49069, Germany

    Oliver Dörr

  2. , Law Faculty, University of Salzburg, Churfürst Strasse 1, Salzburg, 5020, Austria

    Kirsten Schmalenbach

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© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Dörr, O., Schmalenbach, K. (2012). Article 9. Adoption of the text. In: Dörr, O., Schmalenbach, K. (eds) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19291-3_11

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