Abstract
In the present study, we examine the diversity in host response to Gram negative and Gram positive pathogens by focusing on the differential proinflammatory cytokine responses in the plasma of septic patients. Moreover, a genome-wide survey of gene expression pattern was performed on whole blood from human volunteers stimulated ex vivo with Gram negative and Gram positive microbial products. Blood plasma was obtained from 52 patients with Gram negative or Gram positive sepsis on admission and evaluated for proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. In addition, whole blood from healthy human volunteers was stimulated ex vivo with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (SAC). Gene expression pattern were also obtained from ex vivo stimulated whole blood leukocytes using GeneChip technology. Plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1 Ra, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18BP, procalcitonin, and protein C did not differ between patients with Gram negative and Gram positive sepsis. However, plasma IL-1ß and IL-18 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with Gram positive sepsis. Ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with SAC markedly increased IL-1ß and IL-18 compared to LPS stimulation. GeneChip technology supervised analysis revealed 758 cross-validated probe sets (genes) that are capable of accurately discriminating among Gram negative-stimulated, Gram positive-stimulated, and unstimulated whole blood leukocytes. Furthermore, of these 758 genes, only 87 were upregulated in both conditions greater than 2-fold and only 43 genes were commonly down- regulated. Although the physiological response of the host to Gram negative and Gram positive sepsis may appear similar, the early inflammatory and immunological response to these pathogens seems to significantly differ depending upon the inciting organism.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Literatur
Bone RC (1994) Gram-positive organisms and sepsis. Arch Intern Med 154: 26–34
Cockerill FR, Hughes JG, Vetter EA, et al. (1997) Analysis of 281,797 consecutive blood cultures performed over an eight-year period: trends in microorganisms isolated and the value of anaerobic culture of blood. Clin Infect Dis 24: 403–418
Takeuchi O, Akira S (2001) Toll-like receptors; their physiological role and signal transduction system. Int Immunopharmacol 1: 625–635
Takeuchi O, Hoshino K, Kawai T, et al. (1999) Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in recognition of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell wall components. Immunity 11: 443–451
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Oberholzer, A., Dinarello, C.A., Ertel, W., Moldawer, L.L. (2003). Molekulare Charakterisierung der akuten Immunantwort von Gram positiver und Gram negativer Sepsis. In: Menger, M.D., Haas, N.P., Neugebauer, E., Bauer, H. (eds) Chirurgisches Forum 2003 für experimentelle und klinische Forschung. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie, vol 32. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19024-7_87
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19024-7_87
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-00659-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-19024-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive