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Fluglärm

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Taschenbuch der Technischen Akustik

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Zusammenfassung

Die Flugzeugindustrie steht unter einem wachsenden gesellschaftlichen Druck, die Geräßuschpegel ihrer Flugzeuge erheblich unter die bereits erreichten Werte zu senken. Dies ist nicht nur zur Kompensation des Einflusses eines weiter steigenden Luftverkehrs erforderlich, sondern wird auch zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität in der Umgebung der Flughäfen erwartet. Dazu ist vor allem eine Minderung der Lärmemission erforderlich, die Thema des Abschn. 18.1 ist. Während beim Start die Triebwerksgeräusche (Abschn. 18.1.1 und 18.1.2) dominieren, spielen die Umströmungsgeräusche bei der Landung moderner Flugzeuge eine bedeutende Rolle (Abschn. 18.1.4). Hubschrauber stören wegen ihrer typischerweise niedrigeren Flughöhen und geringeren Fluggeschwindigkeiten und des von ihnen emittierten Knattergeräusches erheblich. Ihre Geräuschemission wird in Abschn. 18.1.3 behandelt. Raumordnungsplanung und Lärmschutzgesetzgebung erfordern im Zusammenhang mit Flughafenaus- und -neubauten die Vorhersage der Lärmbelastung im Flughafenbereich (Lärmimmission). Dieses Problem wird in Abschn. 18.2 behandelt. Das kontroverse Thema der Fluglärmbeurteilung ist Thema des Abschn. 18.3. Wenn ein Flugzeug mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit fliegt, wird es von einer Druckwelle begleitet, die von einem Beobachter am Boden als Knall registriert wird. Physik und Wirkungen des Überschallknalls werden in Abschn.18.4 dargestellt.

Schallquellen eines modernen Nebenstromtriebwerkes

Typisches Terzspektrum der Freistrahlgeräusche eines Unterschallfreistrahls [18.198] für den Winkelbereich 0° bis 90°und für 150°relativ zum Triebwerkseinlauf. Es ist die Differenz zwischen Terzpegel und Gesamtpegel als Funktion der Strouhalzahl fD/U aufgetragen. Für Winkel näher zur Strahlachse (→180°) sinkt die Frequenz des Pegelmaximums erheblich. Außerdem fällt das Spektrum mit steigender Frequenz steiler ab, wie das für den Winkel 150°gezeigt ist. Das VerhÄltnis der Gesamttemperaturen von Freistrahl und Umgebung ist 2

Gezahnte Triebwerksdüse zur Strahllärmminderung

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Authors
  1. J. Delfs
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  2. W. Dobrzynski
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  3. H. Heller
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  4. U. Isermann
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  5. U. Michel
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  6. W. Splettstösser
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  7. F. Obermeier
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Müller-BBM GmbH, Robert-Koch-Str. 11, 82152, Planegg

    Gerhard Müller

  2. Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Technische Akustik, Einsteinufer 25, 10587, Berlin

    Michael Möser

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© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Delfs, J. et al. (2004). Fluglärm. In: Müller, G., Möser, M. (eds) Taschenbuch der Technischen Akustik. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18893-0_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18893-0_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62343-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-18893-0

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