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Oceanic Hotspots pp 431–459Cite as

Petrology of Young Submarine Hotspot Lava: Composition and Classification

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Abstract

Underwater volcanism is the predominant phenomenon taking place on Earth. About 71% of the Earth’s sea-floor surface is the site of volcanism, which mainly extrudes basaltic rocks. The mineralogical and chemical compositions of oceanic rocks are important factors that affect the formation of the oceanic crust, because the rock’s composition influences its rate of extrusion, the morphology of lava flows, the cooling rate, the mode of emplacement, etc. The magmatic history of the various geological provinces is also controlled by the processes of partial melting of a heterogeneous mantle and of crystal-liquid fractionation within the magmatic reservoir. Thus, the magmatic history (the rocks’ petrology) can be better understood if we first clearly define and understand both the mineral and chemical composition and the morphology of rocks found in different geological settings and provinces of the ocean floor.

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  1. R. Hekinian
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Keryunan, 29290, Saint Renan, France

    Roger Hekinian

  2. Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany

    Peter Stoffers

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Hekinian, R. (2004). Petrology of Young Submarine Hotspot Lava: Composition and Classification. In: Hekinian, R., Cheminée, JL., Stoffers, P. (eds) Oceanic Hotspots. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18782-7_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18782-7_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

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