Zusammenfassung
Die Taxonomie von Viren war anfangs uneinheitlich. Es existierten mehrere Konzepte, von denen jedoch keines von allen Virologen akzeptiert wurde. Ein allgemein anerkanntes System der Nomenklatur konnte nur durch Kooperation auf internationaler Basis entstehen. Die Grundlagen für eine einheitliche Klassifizierung wurden 1966 auf einer Konferenz in Moskau diskutiert und das International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) gegründet, das seit 1971 regelmäßig Berichte über Virustaxonomie veröffentlicht, die die Einordnung von Viren verbindlich festlegen. Jede Klassifizierung der Viren sollte neben der Phylogenie (der evolutionären Geschichte) phänotypische (praktische Charaktermerkmale) berücksichtigen. In dem neuesten Bericht (van Regenmortel et al. 2000) sind bei den Pflanzenviren 977 Spezies aufgeführt. Eine formale Definition einer Spezies wurde 1991 von der ICTV gegeben: A virus species is a polythetic class of viruses that constitute a replicating lineage and occupy a particular ecological niche.
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Drews, G., Adam, G., Heinze, C. (2004). Klassifizierung von Pflanzenviren. In: Molekulare Pflanzenvirologie. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18740-7_6
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