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Endocrine Control of Breast Development

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Molecular Basis of Breast Cancer

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Abstract

The breast is a hormone-responsive organ par excellence. Its development is influenced by a myriad of hormones and growth factors whose stimulus selectively elicits a response consisting of cell proliferation, cell differentiation, or cell death (apoptosis) [1–11]. In either case, the response of the mammary gland to these complex influences results in developmental changes that permanently modify both the architecture and the biological characteristics of the gland [3, 4]. Among the varied hormonal influences affecting the breast, estrogens are considered to play a major role in promoting the proliferation of both the normal and the neoplastic breast epithelium [2–5, 11]. Estrogens act locally on the mammary gland stimulating DNA synthesis and promoting bud formation, an effect that has traditionally been considered to be receptor-mediated, Although this is the most widely accepted mechanism of action of this steroid hormone [10–14], at least two additional mechanisms, an autocrine/paracrine loop [15, 16] and/or a negative feedback [17] are also considered to of importance in these hormonal effects.

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  1. Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA

    Jose Russo MD, FACP & Irma H. Russo MD, FACP

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  1. Jose Russo MD, FACP
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  2. Irma H. Russo MD, FACP
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© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Russo, J., Russo, I.H. (2004). Endocrine Control of Breast Development. In: Molecular Basis of Breast Cancer. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18736-0_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18736-0_3

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