Skip to main content

Labiatae

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants ((FAMILIES GENERA,volume 7))

Abstract

Trees, shrubs, subshrubs or perennial or annual herbs, rarely climbers, aromatic or not. Roots rarely tuberous. Stems often quadrangular, erect to prostrate, somtimes forming usually present, of glandular, rarely scale-like, usually multicellular-uniseriate, simple, branched, dendroid or stellate, sometimes gland-tipped, large-headed subsessile glands rarely absent.

For details of authorship see p. 275.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Selected Bibliography

  • Abu-Asab, M.S. 1990. Phylogenetic implications of pollen morphology in subfamily Lamioideae (Labiatae) and related taxa. Ph.D. Thesis. Ohio University, U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abu-Asab, M.S., Cantino, P.D. 1987. Phylogenetic implications of leaf anatomy in subtribe Melittidinae (Labiatae) and related taxa. J. Arnold Arbor. 68: 1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abu-Asab, M.S., Cantino, P.D. 1993. Phylogenetic implications of pollen morphology in tribe Ajugeae (Labiatae). Syst. Bot. 18: 100–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abu-Asab, M.S. Cantino, P.D. 1994. Systematic implications of pollen morphology in subfamilies Lamioideae and Pogostemonoideae (Labiatae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 81: 653–686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adylov, T. Kamelin, R., Makhmedov, A. 1986. Notae de Lamiaceis. Novosti Sist.Vyssh. Rast. 23: 110–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aitzetmüller, K., Tsevegüren, N. 1998. Phlomic acid in Lamioideae seed oils. Lamiales Newslett. issue 6: 13–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, R. 1998. A taxonomic revision of Hypenia (Mart. ex Benth.) Harley (Labiatae). Ph.D. Thesis. University of St. Andrews, Scotland, 293 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, S.C.H., Wilken, D.H., Cole, W.W. 2000. Heterostyly in the Lamiaceae: the case of Salvia brandegeei. Plant Syst. Evol. 223: 211–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baser, K.H.C. 2000. Labiatae, in Index to Turkish plant chemical contents. In: Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Baser, K.H.C. (eds.) Flora of Turkey, vol. 11: 531–551.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentham, G. 1832–1836. Labiatarum Genera et Species. London: Ridgeway & Sons, 783 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentham, G. 1870. Labiatae. In: Flora Australiensis 5. London: Reeve and Co., pp. 70–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentham, G. 1876. Verbenaceae and Labiatae. In: Bentham, G., Hooker, J.D. Genera Plantarum, vol. 2. London: Reeve and Co., pp. 1131–1223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billings, F.H. 1909. The nutrition of the embryo sac and embryo in certain Labiatae. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull. 5: 67–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blunden, G., Yang, M.-H., Yuan, Z.-X., Smith, B.E., Patel, A., Cegarra, J.A., Máthé, I. Jr., Janisak, G. 1996. Betaine distribution in the Labiatae. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 24: 71–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bokhari, M.H., Hedge, I.C. 1976. Zhumeria (Labiatae): anatomy, taxonomy and affinities. Iranian J. Bot. 1: 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boumann, F., Meeuse, A.D.J. 1992. Dispersal in Labiatae. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. R.B.G. Kew, U.K., pp. 193–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremer, K., Backlund, A., Sennblad, B., Swenson, U., Andreasen, K., Hjertson, M., Lundberg, J., Backlund, M., Bremer, B. 2001. A phylogenetic analysis of 100+ genera and 50+ families of euasterids based on morphological and molecular data with notes on possible higher level morphological synapomorphies. Plant Syst. Evol. 229: 137–169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Briquet, J. 1891. Les Labiées des Alpes Maritimes 1: 179–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briquet, J. 1895. Verbenaceae. In: Engler & Prantl, Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien IV, 3a. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, pp. 132–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briquet, J. 1895–1897. Labiatae. In: Engler & Prantl, Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien IV, 3a. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, pp. 183–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budantsev, A.G. 1987. The system of the genus Dracocephalum (Lamiaceae). Bot. Zhurn. 72, 2: 260–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budantsev, A.G. 1993. A synopsis of the genus Nepeta (Lamiaceae). Bot. Zhurn. 78, 1: 93–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budantsev, A.L., Lobova, T.A. 1997. Fruit morphology, anatomy and taxonomy of tribe Nepeteae (Labiatae). Edinburgh J. Bot. 54, 2: 183–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burkhart, A. 1939. El mecanismo floral de la Labiada Hyptis Mutabilis (Rich.) Briq. y su convergencia hacia la flor papilionoidea. Darwiniana 3: 425–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byragi Reddy, T., Subba Reddi, C. 1994. Pollination ecology of Vitex negundo (Verbenaceae). Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. B 60 (1): 57–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantino, P.D. 1982a. A monograph of the genus Physostegia (Labiatae). Contr. Gray Herb. 211: 1–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantino, P.D. 1982b. Affinities of the Lamiales: a cladistic analysis. Syst. Bot. 7, 3: 237–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantino, P.D. 1985a. Facultative autogamy in Synandra Hispidula (Labiatae). Castanea 50, 2: 105–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantino, P.D. 1985b. Chromosome studies in subtribe Melittidinae (Labiatae) and systematic implications. Syst. Bot. 10, 1: 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantino, P.D. 1990. The phylogenetic significance of stomata and trichomes in the Labiatae and Verbenaceae. J. Arnold Arb. 71: 323–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantino, P.D. 1992a. Evidence for a polyphyletic origin of the Labiatae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 361–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantino, P.D. 1992b. Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Labiatae. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. R.B.G. Kew, pp. 27–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantino, P.D., Sanders, R.W. 1986. Subfamilial classification of Labiatae. Syst. Bot. 11: 163–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantino, P.D., Wagstaff, S.J. 1998. A reexamination of North American Satureja s.l. (Lamiaceae) in light of molecular evidence. Brittonia 50, 1: 63–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M., Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 511–522.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantino, P.D., Wagstaff, S.J., Olmstead, R.G. 1999. Caryopteris (Lamiaceae) and the conflict between phylogenetic and pragmatic considerations in botanical nomenclature. Syst. Bot. 23, 3: 369–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlquist, S. 1992. Wood anatomy of Lamiaceae. A survey with comments on vascular and vasicentric tracheids. Aliso 13, 2: 309–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, E.M., Stuart, B.C. 1936. Development of spores and gametophytes in certain New World species of Salvia. New Phytol. 35: 68–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, H.L. 1961. Chromosome numbers and breeding systems in Pycnanthemum (Labiatae). Brittonia 13: 116–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, H.-T. 1951. A review of the Chinese species of Callicarpa. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 269–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chávez, R.P. 1974. Observaciones en el polen de plantas con probable polinización quiropterófila. An. Esc. Nac. Cien. Biol. Mex. 21: 115–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen Shou-liang, Gilbert, M.G. 1994. Verbenaceae. In: Wu, Zheng-yi, Raven, P.H. (eds.) Flora of China 17: 1–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Codd, L.E. 1985. Lamiaceae. In: Leistner, O.A. (ed.) Flora of southern Africa, vol. 28, 247 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, M.D. 1992. The significance of the terpenoids in the Labiatae. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 315–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collinson, M.E., Boulter, M.C., Holmes, P.L. 1993. Magnoliophyta, 45. In: Benton, M.J. (ed.) The fossil record 2. London: Chapman & Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conn, B.J. 1986. A taxonomic revision of Prostanthera Labill. sect. Klanderia (F.Muell.) Benth. (Labiatae). J.Adelaide Bot. Gard. 6: 207–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cousins, D.J. (ed.) 1994. Medicinal, essential oil, culinary herb and pesticidal plants of the Labiatae 1973–1993. Wallingford, U.K.: CAB International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. New York: Columbia University Press, 1262 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruden, R.W., Hermanutz, L., Shuttleworth, J. 1984. The pollination biology and breeding system of Monarda fistulosa (Labiatae). Oecologia 64: 104–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, G.L. 1966. Systematic embryology of the angiosperms. London: Wiley, 528 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, P.H. 1982. Pentapleura. In: Davis, P.H. (ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, 7. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, p. 313.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Kok, R. 1997. The biology and systematics of Oxera, Faradaya and Hosea (Labiatae). Ph.D. Thesis. University of Oxford, 213 pp. + appendices.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Kok, R.P.J., Mabberley, D.J. 1999a. A synopsis of Oxera Labill. (Labiatae). Kew Bull. 54: 265–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Kok, R.P.J., Mabberley, D.J. 1999b. Generic and intrageneric delimitation of Oxera Labill. (Labiatae). Kew Bull. 54: 257–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demissew, S., Harley, M.M. 1992. Trichome, seed surface and pollen characters in Stachys (Labiatae) in Tropical Africa. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 149–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doroszenko, A. 1985. Taxonomic studies on the Satureja complex (Labiatae). Ph.D. Thesis. Edinburgh University, 538 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emboden, W.A. 1964. Pollen morphology of the genus Salvia sect. Audibertia. Pollen Spores 6: 527–536.

    Google Scholar 

  • Endress, P.K. 1994. Diversity and evolutionary biology of tropical flowers. Cambridge University Press, England, 511 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epling, C. 1925. Monardella. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 12: 1–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epling, C. 1935–1937. Synopsis of the South American Labiatae. Feddes Rep. Spec. Nov. Beih. 85: 1–341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epling, C. 1948. A synopsis of the tribe Lepechinieae (Labiatae). Brittonia 6: 352–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epling, C. 1949. Revisión del género Hyptis (Labiatae). Rev. Mus. La Plata (Bot.) 7: 153–497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epling, C., Játiva, C. 1964. Revisión del góenero Satureia en el América del Sur. Brittonia 16: 393–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epling, C., Stewart, W.S. 1939. A revision of Hedeoma with a review of allied genera. Rep. Spec. Nov. Regn. Veg. Beih. 115: 1–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erdtman, G. 1945. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. IV. Labiatae, Verbenaceae and Avicenniaceae. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 39: 279–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes, R.B. 1985. Notes sur les Verbenaceae. Identification des espèces d’Holmskioldia africaines et malgaches. Garcia de Orta Ser. Bot. Lisboa 7: 33–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frei, E. 1955. Die Innervierung der floralen Nektarien dikotyler Pflanzenfamilien. Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 65: 60–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Peña, M.R. 1989. A new species of Cunila (Lamiaceae) from southwestern Mexico. Kew Bull. 44: 727–730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, L.S. 1981. Chromosomal evolution and incidence of polyploidy in the Canadian Labiatae. Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég. Bot. 4: 331–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, L.S. 1984. The incidence of polyploidy in the Western Himalayan Labiatae. Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég. Bot. 7, 1: 5–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, L.S., Chinnappa, C.C. 1982. Pollen morphology of the west-Himalayan Labiatae. Bangladesh J. Bot. 11: 107–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grayer, R.J., Kite, G.C., Goldstone, F.J., Bryan, S.E., Paton, A., Putievsky, E. 1996. Infraspecific taxonomy and essential oil chemotypes in sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum. Phytochemistry 43: 1033–1039.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grayer, R.J., Veitch, N.C., Kite, G.C., Price, A.M., Kokubun, T. 2001. Distribution of 8-oxygenated leaf-surface flavones in Ocimum. Phytochemistry 56: 559–567.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guignard, M.L. 1893. Recherche sur le développement de la graine et en particulier du tégument séminal: Labiées. J. Bot. 7: 241–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harley, M.M. 1992. The potential value of pollen morphology as an additional taxonomic character in subtribe Ociminae (Ocimeae: Nepetoideae: Labiatae). In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 125–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harley, M.M., Wilde, V. in prep. Hexacolpate Lamiaceae pollen from the Eocene of Messel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harley, R.M. 1971. An explosive pollination mechanism in Eriope crassipes, a Brazilian Labiate. J. Linn. Soc. (Biol.) 3: 183–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harley, R.M. 1976. A review of Eriope and Eriopidion (Labiatae). Hookers Ic. Pl. 8, 3: 1–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harley, R.M. 1986a. Notes on New World Labiatae X. Observations on a hybrid population of Hyptis cruciformis and H. pachyphylla in Brazil. Kew Bull. 41: 1007–1015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harley, R.M. 1986b. Cuminia eriantha (Benth.) Benth. Kew Mag. 3, 4: 151–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harley, R.M. 1988a. Evolution and distribution of Eriope (Labiatae) and its relatives in Brazil. In: Vanzolini, P.E., Heyer, W.R. (eds.) Proc Worksh Neotropical Distribution Patterns. Rio de Janeiro: Acad. Bras. de Ciências, pp. 71–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harley, R.M. 1988b. Revision of generic limits in Hyptis Jacq. (Labiatae) and its allies J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 98: 87–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harley, R.M. 1991. The greasy pole syndrome. In: Huxley, C.R., Cutler, D. (eds.) Ant-plant interactions. Oxford University Press, pp. 430–433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harley, R.M., Brighton, C.A. 1977. Chromosome numbers in the genus Mentha L. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 74: 71–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harley, R.M., Heywood, C.A. 1992. Chromosome numbers in tropical Labiatae. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 211–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harley, R.M., Paucar Granda, A. 2000. List of species of tropical American Clinopodium (Labiatae) with new combinations. Kew Bull. 54: 917–927.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harley, R.M., Paton, A.J., Ryding, O. 2003. New synonymy and taxonomic changes in the Labiatae. Kew Bull. 58: 485–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, J.A. 1983. Systematic and evolutionary studies in the genus Lepechinia (Lamiaceae). Ph.D. Thesis. Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, J.A. 1985. Evolution of dioecism in Lepechinia Willd. Sect. Parviflorae (Lamiaceae). Syst. Bot. 10: 147–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hedge, I.C. 1961. Ziziphora. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 23: 209–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedge, I.C. 1970. Observations on the mucilage of Salvia fruits. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30, 1: 79–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedge, I.C. 1972. The pollination mechanism of Aeollanthus Njassae. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. 32, 1: 45–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedge, I.C. 1974. A revision of Salvia in Africa including Madagascar and the Canary Islands. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33, 1: 1–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedge, I.C. 1982. Salvia. In: Davis, P.H. (ed.) Flora of Turkey 7: 400–461.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedge, I.C. 1990. Labiatae. In: Ali, S.I., Nasir, Y.J. (eds.) Flora of Pakistan, vol. 192, pp. 310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedge, I.C. 1992. A global survey of the biogeography of the Labiatae. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 7–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedge, I.C. 1998. Labiatae. In: Hedge, I.C., Clement, R.A., Paton, A.J., Phillipson, P.B. Labiatae. In: Morat, P. (ed.) Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, Fam. 175, pp. 293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegnauer, R. 1966. Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen, vol. 4. Basel: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegnauer, R. 1989. Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen, vol. 8. Basel: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegnauer, R. 1990. Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen, vol. 9. Basel: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrich, M. 1992. Economic botany of American Labiatae. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 475–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heisey, R.M., Delwiche, C.C. 1984. Phytotoxic volatiles from Trichostema lanceolatum (Labiatae). Am. J. Bot. 71: 821–828.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hickey, L.J. 1973. Classification of the architecture of dicotyledonous leaves. Am. J. Bot. 60: 17–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillson, C.J. 1959. Comparative studies of floral morphology of Labiatae. Am. J. Bot. 46: 451–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howe, G.F. 1986. A note on the trigger pollination mechanism in the Camphor weed (Trichostema lanceolatum) as related to pollinator weight and behaviour. Bull. South Calif. Acad. Sci. 85 (3): 177–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell, J.T. 1931. The genus Pogogyne: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4th ser. 20: 105–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huck, R.B. 1987. Systematics and evolution of Dicerandra (Labiatae). Phanerog.Monogr. 19: 1–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huck, R.B. 1992. Overview of pollination biology in the Labiatae. In:Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 167–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ietswaart, J.H. 1980. A taxonomic revision of the genus Origanum (Labiatae). Leiden Bot. Ser. 4: 1–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingrouille, M., Bhatti, G.R. 1998. Infrageneric relationships within Pogostemon Desf. (Labiatae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 128, 2: 159–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irving, R.S. 1972. A revision of the genus Poliomintha (Labiatae). Sida 5, 1: 8–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irving, R.S. 1976. Chromosome numbers in Hedeoma (Labiatae) and related genera. Syst. Bot. 1: 46–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irving, R.S. 1980. The systematics of Hedeoma (Labiatae). Sida 8, 3: 218–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jalas, J. 1971. Notes on Thymus (Labiatae) in Europe. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 64: 199–235, 247–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jamzad, Z., Harley, M.M., Ingrouille, M., Simmonds, M., Jalil, A. 2000. Pollen exine and nutlet surface morphology of the annual species of Nepeta L. (Lamiaceae) in Iran. In: Harley, M.M., Morton, C.M., Blackmore, S. (eds.) Pollen and spores: morphology and biology. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 385–397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Junell, S. 1934. Zur Gynäceummorphologie und Systematik der Verbenaceen und Labiaten. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 4: 1–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Junell, S. 1937. Der Samenentwicklung bei einigen Labiaten. Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 31: 67–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kar, R.K. 1996. On the Indian origin of Ocimum (Lamiaceae): a palynological approach. Palaeobotanist 43, 3: 45–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kästner, A. 1978–1989. Beiträge zur Wuchsformenanalyse und systematischen Gliederung von Teucrium L. (in 6 parts). Flora 167: 485–514 (1978); 168: 431–467 (1979); 171: 466–519 (1981); 176: 73–93 (1985); 178: 111–138 (1986); 183: 189–224 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kästner, A. 1989. Übersicht zur systematischen Gliederung der Gattung Teucrium L. Biocosme Mésogéen, Nice 6: 63–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawakubo, N. 1998. Evolution of cryptic dioecy in Callicarpa (Verbenaceae) on the Bonin Islands. In: Stuessy, T.F., Ono, M. (eds.) Evolution and speciation of island plants. Cambridge University Press, U.K., pp. 155–168.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Keng, H. 1978. Labiatae. Flora Malesiana Ser. I, 8, 3: 301–394.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knuth, P. 1909. Labiatae, transl. Ainsworth Davis, J.R. In: Handbook of flower pollination, vol. 3. Oxford University Press, England, pp. 243–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kooiman, P. 1972. The occurrence of iri978-3-540-40593-1d glycosides in the Labiatae. Acta Bot. Neerl. 21: 417–427.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koorders, S.H. 1897. Ueber die Blüthenknospen-Hydathoden einiger tropischen Pflanzen. Leiden: Sijfert Hendrik, 129 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lam, H.J. 1919. The Verbenaceae of the Malayan Archipelago. Groningen: M. de Waal, 370 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • La-Serna, I. 1984. Revisión del género Bystropogon. Vaduz: J. Cramer, 380 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, B.M. 1992. Chemical components of Labiatae oils and their exploitation. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 399–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Xi-wen, Hedge, I.C. 1994. Lamiaceae. In: Wu, Zheng-yi, Raven, P.H. (eds.) Flora of China 17: 50–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindley, J. 1829. Editorial note: In: Bentham, G., Edwards’s Bot. Register 15, t. 1282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindqvist, C., Albert, V.A. 2002. Origin of the Hawaiian endemic mints within North American Stachys (Lamiaceae). Am. J. Bot. 89: 1709–1724.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loew, E. 1894. Blütenbiologische Floristik des mittleren und nördlichen Europa sowie Grönlands. Systematische Zusammenstellung des in den letzten zehn Jahren veröffenlichten Beobachtungsmaterials. Leipzig: W. Engelmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • López Gonzólez, G. 1981. Conspectus saturejarum. An. Jard. Bot.Madrid 38, 2: 361–415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüönd, B., Lüönd, R. 1981. Insect dispersal of pollen and fruits in Ajuga. Candollea 36: 167–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mabberley, D.J. 1997. The plant book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mai, D.H. 1985. Entwicklung der Wasser-und Sumpfpflanzen-Gesellschaften Europas von der Kreide bis ins Quartär. Flora 176: 449–511.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manning, J.C. 1996. Diversity of endothecial patterns in the angiosperms. In: D’Arcy, W.G., Keating, R.C. (eds.) The anther. Cambridge University Press, England, pp. 136–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marin, P.D., Sajdl, V., Kapor, S., Tatic, B., Petkovic, B. 1991. Fatty acids of the Saturejoideae, Ajugoideae and Scutellarioideae (Lamiaceae). Phytochemistry 30: 2979–2982.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marrero, A. 1992. Chromosomal evolutionary trends in the genus Sideritis subgenus Marrubiastrum. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 247–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, A.C. 1946. The comparative internal morphology of seeds. Am. Midl. Nat. 36: 513–660.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mattern, G., Vogel, S. 1994. Lamiaceen-Blüten duften mit dem Kelch-Prüfung einer Hypothese II. Olfactorischer und gaschromatographischer Vergleich des Laub-und Kelchduftes. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 68: 203–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClintock, E., Epling, C. 1942. A review of the genus Monarda (Labiatae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 20: 147–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melchior, H. 1964. A. Engler’s Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, vol. 2. Berlin: Borntraeger, pp. 666.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendoza-Heuer, I. 1977. Datos comparativos acerca de especies mediterráneas y macaronésicas del género Sideritis L. (Lamiaceae). Bot Macaronés. IV Ci. 3: 61–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe, C.R., Chalk, L. 1950. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons, vol. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 1030–1053.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michener, C.D., Grimaldi, D.A. 1988. A Trigona from Late Cretaceous amber of New Jersey (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae). Am.Mus. Nov. 2917: 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morales, R. 1987. El género Thymbra L. (Labiatae). An. Jard. Bot. Madrid 44, 2: 349–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton, J.K. 1962. Cytotaxonomic studies in the West African Labiatae. J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 58: 231–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton, J.K. 1973. A cytological study of British Labiatae. Watsonia 9: 239–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullan, D.P. 1933. Observations on the biology and physiological anatomy of some Indian halophytes. J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 12: 165–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muller, J. 1981. Fossil pollen records of extant angiosperms. Bot. Rev. 47: 1–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Munir, A.A. 1991. A taxonomic revision of the genus Oncinocalyx F.Muell. (Verbenaceae). J.Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14: 77–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nabli, M.A. 1976. Etude ultrastructurale comparée de l’exine chez quelques genres de Labiatae. In: Ferguson, I.K., Muller, J. (eds.) The evolutionary significance of the exine. London: Academic Press. Linnean Society Symposium Series no. 1, pp. 499–525.

    Google Scholar 

  • Navarro, T., El Oualidi, J. 1997. Synopsis of the genus Teucrium L. (Lamiaceae) in Morocco. Acta Bot. Malac. 22: 187–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olmstead, R.G., dePamphilis, C.W., Wolfe, A.D., Young, N.D., Elisons, W.J., Reeves, P.A. 2001. Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae. Am. J. Bot. 88, 2: 348–361.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owens, S.J., Ubera-Jiménez, J.L. 1992. Breeding systems in Labiatae. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 257–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Packham, J.R. 1983. Biological flora of the British Isles. 155. Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. & Polatschek. J. Ecol. 71: 975–997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paton, A.J. 1990. A global taxonomic investigation of Scutellaria (Labiatae). Kew Bull. 45: 399–450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paton, A.J. 1992. The adaptive significance of calyx and nutlet morphology in Scutellaria. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 203–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paton, A.J. 1998. New records and new combinations in Hemizygia and Syncolostemon (Labiatae). Kew Bull. 53, 2: 483–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paton, A.J. Harley, M.M., Harley, R.M., Weeks, S. 1994. A revision of Endostemon (Labiatae). Kew Bull. 49: 673–716.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, J.A. 2000. Distribution and taxonomic implications of some phenolics in the family Lamiaceae determined by ESR spectroscopy. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 28: 229–253.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petanidou, T. 1996. Labiatae: a key family for wild bees and the pollination ecology in Mediterranean phryganic communities. In: Harley, R.M., Paton, A.J. (eds.) Lamiales Newslett. 4: 4–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petanidou, T., Vokou, D. 1993. Pollination ecology of Labiatae in a phryganic (eastern Mediterranean) ecosystem. Am. J. Bot. 80, 8: 892–899.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pieper, W. 1928. Vorarbeiten zu einer Revision der afrikanischen Vitex-Arten mit Berucksichtigung der übrigen. Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 62, Beibl. 141: 1–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pijl, L. van der 1982. Principles of dispersal in higher plants. Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer, 214 pp.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pobedimova, E. 1972. Taxa novae Florae URSS, 2. Novit. Syst. Pl.Vasc. (Leningrad) 9: 243–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Post, T., Kuntze, O. 1904. Lexicon generum phanerogamarum. Vitex. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, p. 589.

    Google Scholar 

  • Potgieter, C.J., Edwards, T.J., Miller, R.M., van Staden, J. 1999. Pollination of seven Plectranthus spp. (Lamiaceae) in southern Natal, South Africa. Plant Syst. Evol. 218, 1–2: 99–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pozhidaev, A.E. 1989. Exine structure in pollen grains of the Lamiaceae family. Bot. Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 74: 1410–1422 & 3 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Press, J.R. 1982. Taxonomic studies in the Labiatae tribe Pogostemoneae. Bull. Br.Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 10, 1: 1–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Primack, R.B., Duke, N.C., Tomlinson, P.B. 1981. Floral morphology in relation to pollination ecology in five Queensland coastal plants. Austrobaileya 1, 4: 346–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raj, B. 1974. Pollen morphology of Indian Labiatae. 1. Tribes Ocimoideae and Satureineae. J. Palynol. 10: 89–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raj, B. 1983. A contribution to the pollen morphology of Verbenaceae. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 39: 343–422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao, V.S. 1952. The floral anatomy of some Verbenaceae with special reference to the gynoecium. J. Ind. Bot. 31: 297–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, E.M., Chandler, M.E.J. 1926. The Bembridge flora (catalogue of Cainozoic plants in the Department of Geology, vol. 1). London: British Museum Natural History.

    Google Scholar 

  • Risch, C. 1956. Die Pollenkörner der Labiaten. Willdenowia 1: 617–641.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivera Nuñez, D., Obón de Castro, C. 1992. The ethnobotany of Old World Labiatae. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 455–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Hahn, L., Esquivel, B., Cárdenas, J., Ramamoorthy, T.P. 1992. The distribution of diterpenoids in Salvia. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 335–347.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudall, P.J. 1979. Leaf and twig anatomy of Eriope, a xeromorphic genus of Labiatae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 78: 157–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rudall, P.J. 1980. Leaf anatomy of the subtribe Hyptidinae (Labiatae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 80: 319–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rudall, P.J. 1981a. Wood anatomy in the Hyptidinae (Labiatae). Kew Bull. 35: 735–741.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rudall, P.J. 1981b. Flower anatomy of the subtribe Hyptidinae (Labiatae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 83: 251–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudall, P.J. 1985. Perforated ray cells in Hyptis hagei-a new record for Labiatae. IAWA Bull. n.s. 6, 2: 161–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudall, P.J. 1986. Leaf anatomy of Hyptis sect. Pachyphyllae (Labiatae) and related species. Kew Bull. 41: 1017–1025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rudall, P.J., Bateman, R.M. (2003). Evolutionary changes in flowers: evidence from naturally-occurring angiosperm terata. Trends Plant Sci. 8: 76–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudall, P.J., Clark, L. 1992. The megagametophyte in Labiatae. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 65–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryding, O. 1986. The genus Aeollanthus s. lat. (Labiatae). Symb. Bot. Upsal. 26, 1: 1–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryding, O. 1992a. Pericarp structure and phylogeny within Lamiaceae subfamily Nepetoideae tribe Ocimeae. Nord. J. Bot. 12: 273–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryding, O. 1992b. The distribution and origin of myxocarpy in Lamiaceae. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 85–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryding, O. 1993. Pericarp structure of Leucas and related genera (Lamiaceae subfam. Lamioideae). Nord. J. Bot. 13: 637–646.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryding, O. 1994a. Pericarp structure and phylogeny of Lamiaceae subfamily Pogostemonoideae. Nord. J. Bot. 14: 59–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryding, O. 1994b. Pericarp structure in the subtribe Melittidinae (Lamiaceae-Lamioideae) and its systematic implications. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 115: 547–555.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryding, O. 1994c. Pericarp structure in the tribe Prasieae (Lamiaceae-Lamioideae) and its systematic implications. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 116: 391–399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryding, O. 1995. Pericarp structure and phylogeny of the Lamiaceae-Verbenaceae-complex. Plant Syst. Evol. 198: 101–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryding, O. 1998. Phylogeny of the Leucas Group (Lamiaceae). Syst. Bot. 23, 2: 235–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryding, O. 2002. Myxocarpy in the Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae) with notes on myxodiaspory in general. Syst. Geogr. Plants 71: 503–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryding, O. 2003. Phylogeny of the genus Lamium and reconsideration of the genus Wiedemannia (Lamiaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 124: 325–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, R.W. 1987. Taxonomy of Agastache section Brittonastrum (Lamiaceae-Nepeteae). Syst. Bot.Monogr. 15, p. 92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultze, W., Zänglein, A., Hose, S., Kubeczka, K.H., Czygan, F.C. 1992. Volatiles in flowers of Balm (Melissa officinalis L.). In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 357–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scora, R.W. 1967. Interspecific relationships in the genus Monarda (Labiatae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 41: 1–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi-Liang Zhou, Kai-Yu Pan, De-Yuan Hong. 1997. Pollen and nutlet morphology in Mosla (Labiatae) and their systematic value. Israel J. Plant Sci. 45: 343–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiu-ying Hu. 1974. A contribution to our knowledge of Leonurus L. I-mu-ts’ao, the Chinese motherword. J. Chin. Univ. Hong Kong 2, 2: 365–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmonds M.S.J., Blaney, W.M. 1992. Labiate-insect interactions: effects of labiate-derived substances on insect behaviour. In:Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 375–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmonds, M.S.J., Blaney, W.M., Esquivel, B., Rodriguez-Hahn, L. 1996. Effect of clerodane-type diterpenoids isolated from Salvia spp. on the feeding behaviour of Spodoptera littoralis. Pest. Sci. 47: 17–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, T.P. 1995. Alterations in the basic chromosome number as a means of speciation in Labiatae. Feddes Rep. 106: 39–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stauffer, J. 1937. The floral anatomy of the Labiatae. Abstract of thesis. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University, pp. 332–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steane D.A., Mabberley, D.J. 1998. Rotheca (Lamiaceae) revived. Novon 8: 204–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steane, D.A., Scotland, R.W., Mabberley, D.J., Wagstaff, S.J., Reeves, P.A., Olmstead, R.G. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships of Clerodendrum s. l. (Lamiaceae) inferred from chloroplast DNA. Syst. Bot. 22, 2: 229–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steane, D.A., Scotland, R.W., Mabberley, Olmstead, R.G. 1999. Molecular systematics of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): ITS sequences and total evidence. Am. J. Bot. 86: 98–107.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stenzel, E., Heni, J., Rimpler, H., Vogellehner, D. 1988. Phenetic relationships in Clerodendrum (Verbenaceae) and some phylogenetic considerations. Plant Syst. Evol. 159: 257–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subba Reddi, C., Rama Das, K., Raju, A.J.S. Atluri, J.B. 1996. Sexual system and pollination ecology of Gmelina asiatica L. (Verbenaceae). J. Palynol. 32: 41–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suddee, S. 2001. A taxonomic revision of Tribe cimeae Dumort. (Labiatae) in continental South East Asia. Doctoral Thesis. Dublin: Trinity College, 408 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, H. 1973. Moth pollination of Clerodendron trichotomum. J. Jap. Bot. 48, 7: 209–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tangmitcharven, S., Owens, J.N. 1997. Floral biology, pollination, pistil receptivity and pollen tube growth of teak (Tectona grandis L. f.). Ann. Bot. (U.K.) 79, 3: 227–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, D.W. 1990. Palaeobiogeographic relationships of Angiosperms from the Cretaceous and Early Tertiary of the North American area. Bot. Rev. 56: 279–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thorne, R.F. 1992. Classification and geography of the flowering plants. Bot. Rev. 58, 3: 225–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomás-Barberán, F.A., Gil, M.I. 1992. Chemistry and natural distribution of flavonoids in the Labiatae. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 299–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trudel, M.C.G., Morton, J.K. 1992. Pollen morphology and taxonomy in North American Labiatae. Can. J. Bot. 70: 975–995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M.W. 1996. Systematic study of the genus Brazoria (Lamiaceae), and Warnockia (Lamiaceae), a new genus from Texas. Plant Syst. Evol. 203: 65–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ubera-Jiménez, J.L., Hidalgo-Fernández, P.J. 1992. Temporal gynodioecy in Rosmarinus officinalis. In: Harley, R.M., Reynolds, T. (eds.) Advances in Labiate science. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 281–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Upson, T.M. 1997. Systematics of the genus Lavandula (Lamiaceae). Ph.D. Thesis. Reading University, 446 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Upson, T.M., Grayer, R.J., Greenham, J.R., Williams, C.A., Al-Ghamdi, F., Fen-Hui Chen. 2000. Leaf flavonoids as systematic characters in the genera Lavandula and Sabaudia. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 28: 991–1007.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Campo, E. 1976. La flore sporopollenique du gisement Miocène terminal de Venta del Moro (Espagne). Thesis. Montpellier University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Tieghem 1907. Structure du pistil et du fruit des Labiées, des Boragacóes et des familles voisines. Ann. Sci. Nat. (Sér. 9) 5, 6: 321–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verdcourt, B. 1992. Verbenaceae. In: Polhill, R.M. (ed.) Flora of tropical East Africa. Rotterdam: Balkema, pp. 1–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verdcourt, B., Trump, E.C. 1969. Common poisonous plants of East Africa. London: Collins, 245 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vestri Alvarenga, S.A., Gastmans, J.P., Rodrigues, G. do V., Moreno, P.R.H., Emerenciano, V. de P. 2001. A computerassisted approach for chemotaxonomic studies-diterpenes in Lamiaceae. Phytochemistry 56: 583–595.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vij, S.P., Kashyap, S.K. 1975. Pollen grain studies in some Labiatae. J. Palynol. 11: 29–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vollesen, K. 1975. A taxonomic revision of the genera Tinnea and Renschia (Lamiaceae-Ajugoideae). Bot. Tidskr. 70, 1: 1–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vos, W.T. 1995. A systematic study of Leonotis (Pers.) R.Br. (Lamiaceae) in southern Africa. Ph.D. Thesis. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, S. 1914. Contribution àl’étude anatomique du fruit des labiées. Thesis. Paris: Université de Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagstaff, S.J., Olmstead, R.G., Cantino, P.D. 1995. Parsimony analysis of cpDNA restriction site variation in subfamily Nepetoideae (Labiatae). Am. J. Bot. 82: 886–892.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagstaff, S.J., Hickerson, L., Spangler, R., Reeves, P.A., Olmstead, R.G. 1998. Phylogeny and character evolution in Labiatae s.l. inferred from cpDNA sequences. Plant Syst. Evol. 209: 265–274.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webber, J.M., Ball, P.W. 1980. Introgression in Canadian populations of Lycopus americanus Muhl. and L. Europaeus L. (Labiatae). Rhodora 82: 281–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weberling, F. 1992. Morphology of flowers and inflorescences, transl. Pankhurst, R.J.Cambridge University Press, England, pp. 201–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitten, W.M. 1981. Pollination ecology of Monarda didyma, M. clinopodia, and hybrids (Lamiaceae) in the southern Appalachian mountains. Am. J. Bot. 68: 435–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wojciechowska, B. 1966. Morphology and anatomy of fruits and seeds in the family Labiatae with particular respect to medicinal species (in Polish). Monogr. Bot. 21: 1–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wunderlich, R. 1967. Ein Vorschlag zu einer natürlichen Gliederung der Labiaten auf Grund der Pollenkörner, der Samenentwicklung und des reifen Samens. Oesterr. Bot. Z. 114: 383–483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yetter, T.C. 1989. Systematic and phylogenetic relationships in the virginianum species complex of the genus Pycnanthemum( Labiatae). Doct.Diss.Oxford, Ohio: Miami University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohary, M. 1937. Die verbreitungsökologischen Verhaltnisse der Pflanzen Palästinas. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 56a: 1–155.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Harley, R.M. et al. (2004). Labiatae. In: Kadereit, J.W. (eds) Flowering Plants · Dicotyledons. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol 7. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18617-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18617-2_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62200-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-18617-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics