Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sepsis

  • Chapter
Die Infektiologie

  • 346 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Die erste klinisch-infektiologische Begriffsbestimmung der Sepsis geht auf die Definition von Schottmüller zurück: »Eine Sepsis liegt dann vor, wenn sich innerhalb des Körpers ein Herd gebildet hat, von dem konstant oder periodisch pathogene Bakterien in den Blutkreislauf gelangen, und zwar derart, dass durch diese Invasion subjektive und objektive Krankheitserscheinungen ausgelöst werden.«

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 349.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 449.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference (1992) Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med 20/6:864–874

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Hernandez G, Dougnac A, Castro J et al. (1999) Systemic inflammatory response syndrome: is it comparable with severe sepsis?. Rev Med Chil 127/11:1339–1344

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. 3. Schuster HP, Müller-Werdan U (2000) Definition und Diagnose von Sepsis und Multiorganversagen. Intensivther Sepsis Multiorganversag:3–27

    Google Scholar 

  4. Geerdes HF, Ziegler D, Lode H et al. (1992) Septicemia in 980 patients at a university hospital in Berlin: prospective studies during 4 selected years between 1979 and 1989. Clin Infect Dis 15/6:991–1002

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Lode H, Harnoss CM, Fangmann B, Loehr A, Wagner J (1983) Septicemia. Etiology, epidemiology, clinical aspects and prognosis in 446 patients. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 108/50:1908–1914

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sands KE, Bates DW, Lanken PN et al. (1997) Epidemiology of sepsis syndrome in 8 academic medical centers. Academic Medical Center Consortium Sepsis Project Working Group. JAMA 278/3:234–240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Brun-Buisson C (2000) The epidemiology of the systemic inflammatory response. Intensive Care Med 26(Suppl 1): S64–S74

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Brun-Buisson C, Doyon F, Carlet J et al. (1995) Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults. A multicenter prospective study in intensive care units. French ICU Group for Severe Sepsis. JAMA 274/12:968–974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Salvo I, de Cian W, Musicco M et al. (1995) The Italian SEPSIS study: preliminary results on the incidence and evolution of SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock. Intensive Care Med 21(Suppl 2):S244–S249

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. National Hospital Discharge Survey (1990) Increase in rates for septicemia —United States, 1979–1987. MMWR Morb Mortal Weekly Rep 39/2:31–34

    Google Scholar 

  11. Rangel-Frausto MS, Pittet D, Costigan M et al. (1995) The natural history of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A prospective study. JAMA 273/2:117–123

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Brun-Buisson C, Doyon F, Carlet J (1996) Bacteremia and severe sepsis in adults: a multicenter prospective survey in ICUs and wards of 24 hospitals. French Bacteremia Sepsis Study Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154/3 Pt 1:617–624

    Google Scholar 

  13. Zeni F, Freeman B, Natanson C (1997) Anti-inflammatory therapies to treat sepsis and septic shock: a reassessment. Crit Care Med 25/7:1095–1100

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Stuber F (2001) Effects of genomic polymorphisms on the course of sepsis: is there a concept for gene therapy? J Am Soc Nephrol 12 (Suppl 17):S60–S64

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Rodeghiero F, Frezzato M, Schiavotto C, Castaman G, Dini E (1992) Fulminant sepsis in adults splenectomized for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Haematologica 77/3:253–256

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Pilz G, Werdan K (1998) Scores für Multiorgandysfunktion und Multiorganversagen. Internist (Berlin) 39:502–508

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Karima R, Matsumoto S, Higashi H, Matsushima K (1999) The molecular pathogenesis of endotoxic shock and organ failure. Mol Med Today 5/3:123–132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Natanson C, Hoffman WD, Suffredini AF, Eichacker PQ, Danner RL (1994) Selected treatment strategies for septic shock based on proposed mechanisms of pathogenesis. Ann Intern Med 120/9:771–783

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Taveira da Silva AM, Kaulbach HC, Chuidian FS et al. (1993) Brief report: shock and multiple-organ dysfunction after self-administration of Salmonella endotoxin. N Engl J Med 328/20:1457–1460

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Schumann RR, Leong SR, Flaggs GW et al. (1990) Structure and function of lipopolysaccharide binding protein. Science 249(4975):1429–1431

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhang G, Ghosh S (2001) Toll-like receptor-mediated NF-kappaB activation: a phylogenetically conserved paradigm in innate immunity. J Clin Invest 107/1:13–19

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Horn DL, Morrison DC, Opal SM et al. (2000) What are the microbial components implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis?. Report on a symposium. Clin Infect Dis 31/4:851–858

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Van Leeuwen PA, Boermeester MA, Houdijk AP et al. (1994) Clinical significance of translocation. Gut 35(1 Suppl): S28–S34

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Seeger JM, Grimminger F, Walmrath D (2000) Mediatorblockade in der Sepsis: Inhibitoren, Antagonisten und Antikörper. In: Schuster HP, Werdan K (Hrsg) Intensivtherapie bei Sepsis und Multiorganversagen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 209–238

    Google Scholar 

  25. Montgomery H (2000). Cardiac reserve: linking physiology and genetics. Intensive Care Med 26(Suppl 1): S 137–S 144

    Google Scholar 

  26. Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL et al. (1994) Report of the American-European consensus conference on ARDS: definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes and clinical trial coordination. The Consensus Committee. Intensive Care Med 20/3:225–232

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Harris RL, Musher DM, Bloom K et al. (1987) Manifestations of sepsis. Arch Intern Med 147/11:1895–1906

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ognibene FP (1996) Hemodynamic support during sepsis. Clin Chest Med 17/2:279–287

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Didwania A, Miller J, Kassel D, Jackson EV Jr, Chernow B (1997) Effect of intravenous lactated Ringer’s solution infusion on the circulating lactate concentration: Part 3. Results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Crit Care Med 25/11:1851–1854

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ferguson ND, Stewart TE, Etchells EE (1999) Human albumin administration in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 25/3:323–325

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Cochrane Injuries Group Albumin Reviewers (1998) Human albumin administration in critically ill patients: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 317(7153): 235–240

    Google Scholar 

  32. Schortgen F, Lacherade JC, Bruneel F et al. (2001) Effects of hydroxyethylstarch and gelatin on renal function in severe sepsis: a multicentre randomised study. Lancet 357(9260:911–916

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Schierhout G, Roberts I (1998) Fluid resuscitation with colloid or crystalloid solutions in critically ill patients: a systematic review of randomised trials. BMJ 316(7136): 961–964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Choi PT, Yip G, Quinonez LG, Cook DJ (1999) Crystalloids vs. colloids in fluid resuscitation: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 27/1:200–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Reinhart K, Bloos F, Spies C (1995) Vasoactive drug therapy in sepsis. In: Sibbald WJ, Vincent JL (eds) Clinical trials for the treatment of sepsis. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, p 207

    Google Scholar 

  36. van Bommel E, Bouvy ND, So KL et al. (1995) Acute dialytic support for the critically ill: intermittent hemodialysis vs. continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration. Am J Nephrol 15/3:192–200

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Müller-Werdan U, Werdan K (2000) Prophylaxe und Therapie der akuten septischen Kardiomyopathie. In: Schuster HP, Werdan K (Hrsg) Intensivtherapie bei Sepsis und Multiorganversagen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 333–398

    Google Scholar 

  38. Bellomo R, Chapman M, Finfer S, Hickling K, Myburgh J (2000) Lowdose dopamine in patients with early renal dysfunction: a placebocontrolled randomised trial. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Clinical Trials Group. Lancet 356(9248):2139–2143

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Duranteau J, Sitbon P, Teboul JL et al. (1999) Effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, or the combination of norepinephrine and dobutamine on gastric mucosa in septic shock. Crit Care Med 27/5:893–900

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Müller-Werdan U, Werdan K(2000) Prophylaxe und Therapie der akuten septischen Kardiomyopathie. In: Schuster HP, Werdan K (Hrsg) Intensivtherapie bei Sepsis und Multiorganversagen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 333–398

    Google Scholar 

  41. Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL et al. (1994) The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149/3:818–824

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Burchardi H, Sydow M (2000) Die akute respiratorische Insuffizienz im Rahmen des multiplen Organdysfunktionssyndroms. In: Schuster HP, Werdan K (Hrsg) Intensivtherapie bei Sepsis und Multiorganversagen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 397–454

    Google Scholar 

  43. Antonelli M, Conti G, Rocco M et al. (1998) A comparison of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 339/7:429–435

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Artigas A, Bernard GR, Carlet J et al., the Consensus Committee (1998) The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS, Part 2a. Ventilatory, pharmacologic, supportive therapy, study design strategies, and issues related to recovery and remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157/4:1332–1347

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Roupie E, Dambrosio M, Servillo G et al. (1995) Titration of tidal volume and induced hypercapnia in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152/1:121–128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network (2000) Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 342/18:1301–1308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Alia I, Esteban A, Gordo F et al. (1999) A randomized and controlled trial of the effect of treatment aimed at maximizing oxygen delivery in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Chest 115/2:453–461

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Thijs A, Thijs LG (1998) Pathogenesis of renal failure in sepsis. Kidney Int Suppl 66:S34–S37

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Lameire N, Vanholder R (2001) Pathophysiologic features and prevention of human and experimental acute tubular necrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 12(Suppl 17): S20–S32

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Bellomo R, Ronco C (2000) Continuous haemofiltration in the intensive care unit. Crit Care 4/6:339–345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Behrendt W, Raumanns J (2000) Stoffwechseländerungen und künstliche Ernährung. In: Schuster HP, Werdan K (Hrsg) Intensivtherapie bei Sepsis und Multiorganversagen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 311–332

    Google Scholar 

  52. Rowlands BJ, Soong CV, Gardiner KR (1999) The gastrointestinal tract as a barrier in sepsis. Br Med Bull 55/1:196–211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Garcia-de-Lorenzo A, Ortiz-Leyba C, Planas M et al. (1997) Parenteral administration of different amounts of branch-chain amino acids in septic patients: clinical and metabolic aspects. Crit Care Med 25/3:418–424

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Ozer H, Armitage JO, Bennett CL et al. (2000) 2000-Update of recommendations for the use of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors: evidence-based, clinical practice guidelines. American Society of Clinical Oncology Growth Factors Expert Panel. J Clin Oncol 18/20:3558–3585

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Rubenstein EB (2000) Colony stimulating factors in patients with fever and neutropenia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 16/2:117–121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Gruson D, Hilbert G, Vargas F et al. (2000) Impact of colony-stimulating factor therapy on clinical outcome and frequency rate of nosocomial infections in intensive care unit neutropenic patients. Crit Care Med 28/9:3155–3160

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Annane D, Raphael JC, Gajdos P (1996) Are endogenous glucocorticoid levels adequate in septic shock?. Intensive Care Med 22/7:711–712

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Annane D, Sebille V, Troche G et al. (2000) A 3-level prognostic classification in septic shock based on cortisol levels and cortisol response to corticotropin. JAMA 283/8:1038–1045

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Ledingham IM, Watt I (1983) Influence of sedation on mortality in critically ill multiple trauma patients. Lancet 1(8336:1270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Cronin L, Cook DJ, Carlet J et al. (1995) Corticosteroid treatment for sepsis: a critical appraisal and meta-analysis of the literature. Crit Care Med 23/8:1430–1439

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Lefering R, Neugebauer EA (1995) Steroid controversy in sepsis and septic shock: a meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 23/7:1294–1303

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Bollaert PE, Charpentier C, Levy B et al. (1998) Reversal of late septic shock with supraphysiologic doses of hydrocortisone. Crit Care Med 26/4:645–650

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Briegel J, Forst H, Haller M et al. (1999) Stress doses of hydrocortisone reverse hyperdynamic septic shock: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center study. Crit Care Med 27/4:723–732

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Spijkstra JJ, Girbes AR (2000) The continuing story of corticosteroids in the treatment of septic shock. Intensive Care Med 26/5:496–500

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Bernard GR, Wheeler AP, Russell JA et al. (1997) The effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of patients with sepsis. The Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group. N Engl J Med 336/13:912–918

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Arons MM, Wheeler AP, Bernard GR et al. (1999) Effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of hypothermic sepsis. Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group. Crit Care Med 27/4:699–707

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Werdan K, Pilz G, Witthaut R (2000) Immunglobuline. In: Schuster HP, Werdan K (Hrsg) Intensivtherapie bei Sepsis und Multiorganversagen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 153–190

    Google Scholar 

  68. Alejandria MM, Lansang MA, Dans LF, Mantaring JBC (2001) Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis and septic shock (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library, Oxford (Update Software)

    Google Scholar 

  69. Levy O (2000) Antimicrobial proteins and peptides of blood: templates for novel antimicrobial agents. Blood 96/8:2664–2672

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Ziegler EJ, McCutchan JA, Fierer J et al. (1982) Treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and shock with human antiserum to a mutant Escherichia coli. N Engl J Med 307/20:1225–1230

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Greenman RL, Schein RM, Martin MA et al. (1991) A controlled clinical trial of E5 murine monoclonal IgM antibody to endotoxin in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis. The XOMA Sepsis Study Group. JAMA 266/8:1097–1102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Bone RC, Balk RA, Fein AM et al.(1995) A second large controlled clinical study of E5, a monoclonal antibody to endotoxin: results of a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. The E5 Sepsis Study Group. Crit Care Med 23/6:994–1006

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Angus DC, Birmingham MC, Balk RA et al. (2000) E5 murine monoclonal antiendotoxin antibody in gram-negative sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. E5 Study Investigators. JAMA 283/13:1723–1730

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Ziegler EJ, Fisher CJ, Sprung CL et al. (1991) Treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-1A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin. A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. The HA-1 A Sepsis Study Group. N Engl J Med 324/7:429–436

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Luce JM (1993) Introduction of new technology into critical care practice: a history of HA-1 A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin. Crit Care Med 21/8:1233–1241

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. McCloskey RV, Straube RC, Sanders C et al. (1994) Treatment of septic shock with human monoclonal antibody HA-1 A. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. CHESS Trial Study Group. Ann Intern Med 121/1:1–5

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Abraham E, Wunderink R, Silverman H et al. (1995) Efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibody to human tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with sepsis syndrome. A randomized, controlled, doubleblind, multicenter clinical trial. TNF-alpha MAb Sepsis Study Group. JAMA 273/12:934–941

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Cohen J, Carlet J (1996) INTERSEPT: an international, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with sepsis. International Sepsis Trial Study Group. Crit Care Med 24/9:1431–1440

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Abraham E, Anzueto A, Gutierrez G et al. (1998) Double-blind randomised controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor in treatment of septic shock. NORASEPT II Study Group. Lancet 351(9107): 929–933

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Reinhart K, Menges T, Gardlund B et al. (2001) Randomized, placebocontrolled trial of the anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody fragment afelimomab in hyperinflammatory response during severe sepsis: The RAMSES Study. Crit Care Med 29/4:765–769

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Abraham E, Glauser MP, Butler T et al. (1997) p55 Tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein in the treatment of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. A randomized controlled multicenter trial. Ro 45-2081 Study Group. JAMA 277/19:1531–1538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Opal SM, Fisher CJ, Dhainaut JF et al. (1997) Confirmatory interleukin-1 receptor antagonist trial in severe sepsis: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. The Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Sepsis Investigator Group. Crit Care Med 25/7:1115–1124

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Fisher CJ, Dhainaut JF, Opal SM et al. (1994) Recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with sepsis syndrome. Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Phase III rhlL-1 ra Sepsis Syndrome Study Group. JAMA 271/23:1836–1843

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Reinhart K, Menges T, Gardlund B et al. (2001) Randomized, placebocontrolled trial of the anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody fragment afelimomab in hyperinflammatory response during severe sepsis: The RAMSES Study. Crit Care Med 29/4:765–769

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Vallet B (2001) Vascular nitric oxide during sepsis: From deficiency to overproduction. Adv Sepsis 1/2:52–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Kiehl MG, Ostermann H, Meyer J, Kienast J (1997) Nitric oxide synthase inhibition by L-NAME in leukocytopenic patients with severe septic shock. Intensive Care Med 23/5:561–566

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Grover R, Zaccardelli D, Colice G et al. (1999) An open-label dose escalation study of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(G)-methyl-L-arginine hydrochloride (546C88), in patients with septic shock. Glaxo Wellcome International Septic Shock Study Group. Crit Care Med 27/5:913–922

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Grover R, Lopez A, Lorente JA et al. (1999) Multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind study of the nitric oxide snthase inhibitor 546C88: Effect on survival in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med 27(Suppl 1):A33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Rossaint R, Falke KJ, Lopez F et al. (1993) Inhaled nitric oxide for the adult respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 328/6:399–405

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Surgenor SD, Corwin HL (2000) Hemofiltration in sepsis: is removal of »bad humors« the answer?. Crit Care Med 28/11:3751–3752

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Hebert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA et al. (1999) A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med 340/6:409–417

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Hebert PC, Yetisir E, Martin C et al. (2001) Is a low transfusion threshold safe in critically ill patients with cardiovascular diseases?. Crit Care Med 29/2:227–234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Peters C, Minkov M, Matthes-Martin S et al. (1999) Leucocyte transfusions from rhG-CSF or prednisolone stimulated donors for treatment of severe infections in immunocompromised neutropenic patients. Br J Haematol 106/3:689–696

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Fourrier F, Chopin C, Goudemand J et al. (1992) Septic shock, multiple organ failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Compared patterns of antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S deficiencies. Chest 101/3:816–823

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF et al. (2001) Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 344/10:699–709

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Bone RC (1996) Sir Isaac Newton, sepsis, SIRS, and CARS. Crit Care Med 24/7:1125–1128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III—Klinikum Großhadern der Universität, Marchionistr. 15, 81337, München, Deutschland

    X. Schiel Dr. & H. Ostermann

  2. Abt. Innere Medizin A (Hämatologie/Onkologie), Med. Klinik und Poliklinik der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, 48129, Münster, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. Kienast J.

Authors
  1. X. Schiel Dr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. Ostermann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Prof. Dr. Kienast J.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, München, Deutschland

    D. Adam

  2. Institut für Medizinische Virologie des Klinikums, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/M., Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596, Frankfurt, Deutschland

    H. W. Doerr

  3. Westpfalz-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik I, Hellmut Hartert Str. 1, 67653, Kaiserslautern, Deutschland

    H. Link

  4. Zentralklinik Emil von Behring Pneumologische Abteilung I, Zum Heckeshorn 33, 14109, Berlin, Deutschland

    H. Lode

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schiel, X., Ostermann, H., J., K. (2004). Sepsis. In: Adam, D., Doerr, H.W., Link, H., Lode, H. (eds) Die Infektiologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18577-9_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18577-9_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-00075-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-18577-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation