Abstract
The early students of the structure of the vertebrate CNS (see Conn 1948; Clarke and O’Malley 1968; Spillane 1981; Shepherd 1991) had to rely on the quick analysis of either fresh or, at best, partially preserved biological material. Thus, Reil’s introduction of alcohol for fixation in 1809 was an important step. Formalin fixation was introduced much later (Blum 1893). Both Remak’s (1836) description of axons and their sheaths, and Purkyně’s 1838 paper (Purkyně 1838) paper on the cerebellar neurons named after him (see Chap. 1, Fig. 1.1), were based on unstained embryonic material. The first stains to be used, predominantly carmine (von Gerlach 1858), gave rather unsatisfactory pictures. Nevertheless, Deiters (1865) was able to differentiate between dendrites and axons. The introduction of hematoxylin, the Nissl technique, the Weigert technique for selective staining of myelin sheaths, and Golgi’s (1873) method for selectively impregnating nerve cells with silver nitrate opened up vast new possibilities for studying the detailed structure of the CNS.
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ten Donkelaar, H.J., Nicholson, C. (1998). Notes on Techniques. In: The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18262-4_7
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