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Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2011 pp 631–653Cite as

Understanding Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

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Part of the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2011 book series (AUICEM,volume 1)

Abstract

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) [1], [2] is a clinicoradiological entity that was well described by Hinchey et al. [3] in 1996 based on 15 cases, shortly after two other small case-series were published [4], [5]. This condition has been designated by a variety of names (reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, reversible posterior cerebral edema syndrome, and reversible occipital parietal encephalopathy). PRES is now the accepted term [1], [2], [6] but has been challenged recently based on the risk of neurological impairment and up to 15 % mortality rate [7], [8]. PRES is characterized by variable associations of seizure activity, consciousness impairment, headaches, visual abnormalities, nausea/vomiting, and focal neurological signs. The cerebral imaging abnormalities are often symmetric and predominate in the posterior white matter (Fig. 1). Recognition of PRES has evolved with increasing availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence showing bilateral high-signal foci in the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and occipital, parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes

Keywords

  • Magnetic Resonance Angiography
  • Status Epilepticus
  • Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
  • Mean Arterial Blood Pressure
  • Occipital Lobe

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Intensive Care Department, Hôpital André Mignot, 177 Rue de Versailles, 78150, Le Chesnay, France

    S. Legriel

  2. Neurology Department and Stroke Center, Hôpital André Mignot, 177 Rue de Versailles, 78150, Le Chesnay, France

    F. Pico

  3. Intensive Care Department, Hôpital St Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France

    E. Azoulay

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  1. S. Legriel
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  2. F. Pico
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  3. E. Azoulay
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  1. Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium

    Prof. Jean-Louis Vincent (Head) (Head)

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Legriel, S., Pico, F., Azoulay, E. (2011). Understanding Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2011. Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2011, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18081-1_56

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