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Multiple Roles of Alu-Related Noncoding RNAs

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Long Non-Coding RNAs

Part of the book series: Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology ((PMSB,volume 51))

Abstract

Repetitive Alu and Alu-related elements are present in primates, tree shrews (Scandentia), and rodents and have expanded to 1.3 million copies in the human genome by nonautonomous retrotransposition. Pol III transcription from these elements occurs at low levels under normal conditions but increases transiently after stress, indicating a function of Alu RNAs in cellular stress response. Alu RNAs assemble with cellular proteins into ribonucleoprotein complexes and can be processed into the smaller scAlu RNAs. Alu and Alu-related RNAs play a role in regulating transcription and translation. They provide a source for the biogenesis of miRNAs and, embedded into mRNAs, can be targeted by miRNAs. When present as inverted repeats in mRNAs, they become substrates of the editing enzymes, and their modification causes the nuclear retention of these mRNAs. Certain Alu elements evolved into unique transcription units with specific expression profiles producing RNAs with highly specific cellular functions.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. F. Stutz for her comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Canton of Geneva. A.B. was a recipient of a fellowship from the Roche Research Foundation.

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  1. Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland

    Audrey Berger & Katharina Strub

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  1. Audrey Berger
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  1. Center for Marine Research, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, 10001, Croatia

    Durdica Ugarkovic

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Berger, A., Strub, K. (2011). Multiple Roles of Alu-Related Noncoding RNAs. In: Ugarkovic, D. (eds) Long Non-Coding RNAs. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology(), vol 51. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16502-3_6

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