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Animal Models in Overactive Bladder Research

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Book cover Urinary Tract

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 2011))

Abstract

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a symptom-based diagnosis characterised by the presence of urinary urgency. It is highly prevalent and overlaps with the presence of bladder contractions during urine storage, which characterises the urodynamic diagnosis of detrusor overactivity. Animal models are needed to understand the pathophysiology of OAB, but the subjective nature of the symptomcomplex means that interpretation of the findings in animals requires caution. Because urinary urgency cannot be ascertained in animals, surrogate markers such as frequency, altered toileting areas, and non-micturition contractions have to be used instead. No model can recapitulate the subjective, objective, and related factors seen in the clinical setting. Models used include partial bladder outlet obstruction, the spontaneous hypertensive rat, the hyperlipidaemic rat, various neurological insults and some gene knock-outs. Strengths and weaknesses of these models are discussed in the context of the inherent difficulties of extrapolating subjective symptoms in animals.

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Abbreviations

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

BOO:

Bladder outlet obstruction

BPE:

Benign prostatic enlargement

COX:

Cyclooxygenase enzyme

DO:

Detrusor overactivity

DSD:

Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia

EAE:

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

EP:

Family of G-protein coupled receptors

ER:

Oestrogen receptor

ICS:

International Continence Society

MCA:

Middle cerebral artery

MPTP:

Neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

MS:

Multiple sclerosis

NANC:

Non-cholinergic non-adrenergic

NMDA:

N-methyl-D-aspartate

nNOS:

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase

OAB:

Overactive bladder syndrome

P2X:

Purinergic receptor

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PGE2 :

Prostaglandin E2

SHR:

Spontaneous hypertensive rat

VR-1:

Vanilloid receptor type 1

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  1. Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK

    Brian A. Parsons & Marcus J. Drake

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  1. Wake Forest University, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, 27157-1088, North Carolina, USA

    Karl-Erik Andersson

  2. Academic Medical Center, Dept. Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Netherlands

    Martin C. Michel

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Parsons, B.A., Drake, M.J. (2011). Animal Models in Overactive Bladder Research. In: Andersson, KE., Michel, M. (eds) Urinary Tract. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 2011. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16499-6_2

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