Abstract
This paper presents initial results of research aimed at developing methods and tools for multidisciplinary collaborative development of dependable embedded systems. We focus on the construction and analysis by co-simulation of formal models that combine discrete-event specifications of computer-based controllers with continuous-time models of the environment with which they interact. Basic concepts of collaborative modelling and co-simulation are presented. A pragmatic realisation using the VDM and Bond Graph formalisms is described and illustrated by means of an example, which includes the modelling of both normal and faulty behaviour. Consideration of a larger-scale example from the personal transportation domain suggests the forms of support needed to explore the design space of collaborative models. Based on experience so far, challenges for future research in this area are identified.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Andrews, Z.H., Fitzgerald, J.S., Verhoef, M.: Resilience Modelling through Discrete Event and Continuous Time Co-Simulation. In: Proc. 37th Annual IFIP/IEEE Intl. Conf. on Dependable Systems and Networks, vol. (Supp.), pp. 350–351. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (June 2007)
Avizienis, A., Laprie, J.C., Randell, B., Landwehr, C.: Basic concepts and taxonomy of dependable and secure computing. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 1, 11–33 (2004)
Bozzano, M., Cimatti, A., Katoen, J.P., Nguyen, V.Y., Noll, T., Roveri, M.: The compass approach: Correctness, modelling and performability of aerospace systems. In: Buth, B., Rabe, G., Seyfarth, T. (eds.) SAFECOMP 2009. LNCS, vol. 5775, pp. 173–186. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Broenink, J.F., Larsen, P.G., Verhoef, M., Kleijn, C., Jovanovic, D., Pierce, K., Wouters, F.: Design support and tooling for dependable embedded control software. In: Proc. of Serene 2010 International Workshop on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems. ACM, New York (2010)
Broenink, J.F.: Computer-aided physical-systems modeling and simulation: a bond-graph approach. Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands (1990)
Broenink, J.F.: Modelling, Simulation and Analysis with 20-Sim. Journal A Special Issue CACSD 38(3), 22–25 (1997)
Eker, J., Janneck, J., Lee, E., Liu, J., Liu, X., Ludvig, J., Neuendorffer, S., Sachs, S., Xiong, Y.: Taming heterogeneity – the Ptolemy approach. Proceedings of the IEEE 91(1), 127–144 (January 2003)
Elmstrøm, R., Larsen, P.G., Lassen, P.B.: The IFAD VDM-SL Toolbox: A Practical Approach to Formal Specifications. ACM Sigplan Notices 29(9), 77–80 (1994)
Fitzgerald, J.S., Larsen, P.G., Tjell, S., Verhoef, M.: Validation Support for Real-Time Embedded Systems in VDM++. In: Cukic, B., Dong, J. (eds.) Proc. HASE 2007: 10th IEEE High Assurance Systems Engineering Symposium, pp. 331–340. IEEE, Los Alamitos (November 2007)
Fitzgerald, J., Larsen, P.G.: Modelling Systems – Practical Tools and Techniques in Software Development, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2009), ISBN 0-521-62348-0
Fitzgerald, J., Larsen, P.G., Mukherjee, P., Plat, N., Verhoef, M.: Validated Designs for Object–oriented Systems. Springer, New York (2005), http://www.vdmbook.com
Fitzgerald, J., Larsen, P.G., Sahara, S.: VDMTools: Advances in Support for Formal Modeling in VDM. ACM Sigplan Notices 43(2), 3–11 (2008)
Fritzson, P., Engelson, V.: Modelica - a unified object-oriented language for system modelling and simulation. In: Jul, E. (ed.) ECOOP 1998. LNCS, vol. 1445, pp. 67–90. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)
Henzinger, T., Sifakis, J.: The Discipline of Embedded Systems Design. IEEE Computer 40(10), 32–40 (2007)
Information technology – Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces – Vienna Development Method – Specification Language – Part 1: Base language (December 1996)
Fitzgerald, J.S., Larsen, P.G., Verhoef, M.: Vienna Development Method. In: Wah, B. (ed.) Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Chichester (2008)
Karnopp, D., Rosenberg, R.: Analysis and simulation of multiport systems: the bond graph approach to physical system dynamic. MIT Press, Cambridge (1968)
Larsen, P.G., Battle, N., Ferreira, M., Fitzgerald, J., Lausdahl, K., Verhoef, M.: The Overture Initiative – Integrating Tools for VDM. ACM Software Engineering Notes 35(1) (January 2010)
Larsen, P.G., Fitzgerald, J., Wolff, S.: Methods for the Development of Distributed Real-Time Systems using VDM. International Journal of Software and Informatics 3(2-3) (October 2009)
Lee, E.A.: Computing needs time. Communications of the ACM 52(5), 70–79 (2009)
Nicolescu, G., Boucheneb, H., Gheorghe, L., Bouchhima, F.: Methodology for efficient design of continuous/discrete-events co-simulation tools. In: Anderson, J., Huntsinger, R. (eds.) High Level Simulation Languages and Applications, SCS, San Diego, CA, pp. 172–179 (2007)
Nicolescu, G., Bouchhima, F., Gheorghe, L.: CODIS – A Framework for Continuous/Discrete Systems Co-Simulation. In: Cassandras, C.G., Giua, A., Seatzu, C., Zaytoon, J. (eds.) Analysis and Design of Hybrid Systems, pp. 274–275. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2006)
Oxford English Dictionary Online. Oxford University Press (2010)
Verhoef, M.: Modeling and Validating Distributed Embedded Real-Time Control Systems. Ph.D. thesis, Radboud University Nijmegen (2008), ISBN 978-90-9023705-3
Verhoef, M., Visser, P., Hooman, J., Broenink, J.: Co-simulation of Real-time Embedded Control Systems. In: Davies, J., Gibbons, J. (eds.) IFM 2007. LNCS, vol. 4591, pp. 639–658. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Wolff, S., Larsen, P.G., Noergaard, T.: Development Process for Multi-Disciplinary Embedded Control Systems. In: EuroSim 2010, EuroSim (September 2010)
Woodcock, J., Larsen, P.G., Bicarregui, J., Fitzgerald, J.: Formal Methods: Practice and Experience. ACM Computing Surveys 41(4), 1–36 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fitzgerald, J., Larsen, P.G., Pierce, K., Verhoef, M., Wolff, S. (2010). Collaborative Modelling and Co-simulation in the Development of Dependable Embedded Systems. In: Méry, D., Merz, S. (eds) Integrated Formal Methods. IFM 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6396. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16265-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16265-7_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-16264-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-16265-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)