Abstract
Until recently, referring expression generation (reg) research focused on the task of selecting the semantic content of definite mentions of listener-familiar discourse entities. In the grec research programme we have been interested in a version of the reg problem definition that is (i) grounded within discourse context, (ii) embedded within an application context, and (iii) informed by naturally occurring data. This paper provides an overview of our aims and motivations in this research programme, the data resources we have built, and the first three shared-task challenges, grec-msr’08, grec-msr’09 and grec-neg’09, we have run based on the data.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bagga, A., Baldwin, B.: Algorithms for scoring coreference chains. In: Proceedings of the Linguistic Coreference Workshop at LREC 1998, pp. 563–566 (1998)
Belz, A., Reiter, E.: Comparing automatic and human evaluation of NLG systems. In: Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL 2006), pp. 313–320 (2006)
Belz, A., Varges, S.: Generation of repeated references to discourse entities. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG 2007), pp. 9–16 (2007)
Belz, A.: That’s nice.. what can you do with it? Computational Linguistics 35(1), 111–118 (2009)
Bohnet, B., Dale, R.: Viewing referring expression generation as search. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2005), pp. 1004–1009 (2005)
Charniak, E., Knight, K., Yamada, K.: Syntax-based language models for machine translation. In: Proceedings of MT Summit IX (2003)
Cheng, H., Poesio, M., Henschel, R., Mellish, C.: Corpus-based np modifier generation. In: Proceedings of The Second Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, NAACL 2001 (2001)
Choi, B., Pak, A.: A catalog of biases in questionnaires. Preventing Chronic Disease 2(1) (2005)
Dale, R.: Cooking up referring expressions. In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 1989 (1989)
Dale, R., Reiter, E.: Computational interpretations of the Gricean maxims in the generation of referring expressions. Cognitive Science 19(2), 233–263 (1995)
van Deemter, K.: Generating referring expressions: Boolean extensions of the Incremental Algorithm. Computational Linguistics 28(1), 37–52 (2002)
van Deemter, K., van der Sluis, I., Gatt, A.: Building a semantically transparent corpus for the generation of referring expressions. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Natural Language Generation (INLG 2006), Sydney, Australia, pp. 130–132 (2006)
Deneefe, S., Knight, K.: Synchronous tree adjoining machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2009 (2009)
Forster, K.I., Forster, J.C.: DMDX: A windows display program with millisecond accuracy. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 35(1), 116–124 (2003)
Gatt, A., Belz, A.: Introducing Shared Tasks to NLG: The TUNA Shared Task Evaluation Challenges. In: Krahmer, E., Theune, M. (eds.) Empirical Methods in NLG. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5790, pp. 264–293. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Gupta, S., Stent, A.: Automatic evaluation of referring expression generation using corpora. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Using Copora in Natural Language Generation, pp. 1–6 (2005)
Huddleston, R., Pullum, G.: The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2002)
Jordan, P.W.: Contextual influences on attribute selection for repeated descriptions. In: van Deemter, K., Kibble, R. (eds.) Information Sharing: Reference and Presupposition in Language Generation and Interpretation. CSLI Publications, Stanford (2002)
Jordan, P.W., Walker, M.: Learning attribute selections for non-pronominal expressions. In: Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2000 (2000)
Koller, A., Striegnitz, K., Byron, D., Cassell, J., Dale, R., Moore, J., Oberlander, J.: The first challenge on generating instructions in virtual environments. In: Krahmer, E., Theune, M. (eds.) Empirical Methods in NLG. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5790, pp. 329–353. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Krahmer, E., Theune, M.: Efficient context-sensitive generation of referring expressions. In: van Deemter, K., Kibble, R. (eds.) Information Sharing: Reference and Presupposition in Language Generation and Interpretation, pp. 223–264. CSLI Publications, Stanford (2002)
Lin, C.Y., Och, F.J.: ORANGE: A method for evaluating automatic evaluation metrics for machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2004), Geneva, pp. 501–507 (2004)
Luo, X.: On coreference resolution performance metrics. In: Proceedings of HLT-EMNLP, pp. 25–32 (2005)
Morton, T.: Using Semantic Relations to Improve Information Retrieval. Ph.D. thesis, University of Pensylvania (2005)
Nenkova, A.: Entity-driven rewrite for multi-document summarization. In: Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, IJCNLP 2008 (2008)
Nenkova, A.: Understanding the process of multi-document summarization: content selection, rewrite and evaluation. Ph.D. thesis, Columbia University (2006)
Otterbacher, J., Radev, D., Luo, A.: Revisions that improve cohesion in multi-document summaries: a preliminary study. In: Proceedings of the ACL 2002 Workshop on Automatic Summarization, pp. 27–36 (2002)
Poesio, M.: Annotating a corpus to develop and evaluate discourse entity realization algorithms: issues and preliminary results. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2000 (2000)
Poesio, M.: Discourse annotation and semantic annotation in the gnome corpus. In: Proceedings of the ACL 2004 Discourse Annotation Workshop (2004)
Qiu, L., Kan, M., Chua, T.S.: A public reference implementation of the rap anaphora resolution algorithm. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2004), pp. 291–294 (2004)
Reiter, E., Dale, R.: A fast algorithm for the generation of referring expressions. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (ACL 1992), Nantes, France, pp. 232–238 (1992)
Siddharthan, A., Copestake, A.: Generating referring expressions in open domains. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2004), Barcelona, Spain (2004)
Siegel, S.: Non-parametric statistics. The American Statistician 11(3), 13–19 (1957)
Steinberger, J., Poesio, M., Kabadjov, M., Jezek, K.: Two uses of anaphora resolution in summarization. Information Processing and Management: Special issue on Summarization 43(6), 1663–1680 (2007)
Trang Dang, H.: DUC 2005: Evaluation of question-focused summarization systems. In: Proceedings of the COLING-ACL 2006 Workshop on Task-Focused Summarization and Question Answering, Prague, pp. 48–55 (2006)
Turian, J., Shen, L., Melamed, I.D.: Evaluation of machine translation and its evaluation. In: Proceedings of MT Summmit IX, New Orleans, pp. 386–393 (2003)
Viethen, J., Dale, R.: Towards the evaluation of referring expression generation. In: Proceedings of the 4th Australasian Language Technology Workshop (ALTW 2006), pp. 115–122 (2006)
Vilain, M., Burger, J., Aberdeen, J., Connolly, D., Hirschman, L.: A model-theoretic coreference scoring scheme. In: Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Message Understanding (MUC-6), pp. 45–52 (1995)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Belz, A., Kow, E., Viethen, J., Gatt, A. (2010). Generating Referring Expressions in Context: The GREC Task Evaluation Challenges. In: Krahmer, E., Theune, M. (eds) Empirical Methods in Natural Language Generation. EACL ENLG 2009 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 5790. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15573-4_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15573-4_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-15572-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-15573-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)