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Soil Bacteria and Bacteriophages

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Biocommunication in Soil Microorganisms

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 23))

Abstract

Bacteriophages are an important integral part of soil bacterial ecology. From the evolutionary point of view (presumptively based on one of the following theories: regressive, cellular origin, and coevolution), it is still unclear how bacteriophages emerged. Nonetheless they are the most abundant “life forms” in oceans and not negligible in soil. These microorganisms are a vast reservoir of genetic elements that contributes to biological diversity. As such, bacteriophages influence bacterial soil communities and consequently the biogeochemical cycles through genes transfer impacting genomic evolution. To make the picture more complicated, it should be perceived that soil harbors beside bacteria and bacteriophages also a large variety of plants and organisms all living side-by-side and continuously interacting. This interaction is continuous under so-called “natural conditions”; however, since anthropogenic intervention became a major factor (mainly for the last two centuries and on), it should be taken seriously in consideration as an important catalyst that our knowledge in relation to is still very limited. Compared with bacteria, bacteriophages have fast multiplication and simple morphology, making their study straightforward. In the new era of advanced genomics, bacteriophages seem to play an important role in our understanding of how life evolved especially in soil comprising a large variety of minerals. The understanding of bacteriophages’ role in soil is still in his infancy, yet based on modern molecular biology methods, new aspects of biological diversity will yield exciting breakthroughs.

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Acknowledgment

The author would like to thank Prof. Em. H-W Ackermann for his inspiration, knowledge, and life time dedication to phages consequently “infecting” other scientists with his élan. The author would like also to thank Ms. Miri Offer for her support in bibliographic searches during the preparation of this chapter.

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    Robert Armon

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Armon, R. (2011). Soil Bacteria and Bacteriophages. In: Witzany, G. (eds) Biocommunication in Soil Microorganisms. Soil Biology, vol 23. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14512-4_3

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