Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Deontic Redundancy: A Fundamental Challenge for Deontic Logic

  • Conference paper
Deontic Logic in Computer Science (DEON 2010)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 6181))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

To decide which norms can be removed from a system, we need to know when a norm is redundant. After shifting the focus of attention in deontic logic from detachment of obligations and permissions to deontic redundancy, I discuss in this paper five benchmark examples of deontic redundancy in reasoning about permissions, intermediate concepts and constitutive norms, deontic dilemmas, temporal deontic reasoning and contrary-to-duty reasoning. Then I discuss those benchmark examples in four formal approaches to deontic reasoning: traditional model logic, dynamic approaches, violation oriented or diagnostic systems, and imperativist or norm based approaches.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Alchourrón, C.: Philosophical foundations of deontic logic and the logic of defeasible conditionals. In: Meyer, J.-J., Wieringa, R. (eds.) Deontic Logic in Computer Science: Normative System Specification, pp. 43–84. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alchourron, C.E., Makinson, D.: Hierarchies of regulations and their logic. In: Hilpinen, R. (ed.) New studies in deontic logic, pp. 125–148. D. Reidel, Dordrecht (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Alchourrón, C., Bulygin, E.: Pragmatic foundations for a logic of norms. Rechtstheorie 15, 453–464 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Anderson, A.: A reduction of deontic logic to alethic modal logic. Mind 67, 100–103 (1958)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Aucher, G., Boella, G., van der Torre, L.: Dynamic epistemic deontic logic. In: Governatori, G., Sartor, G. (eds.) DEON 2010. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 6181, pp. 197–214. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Blackburn, P., van Benthem, J., Wolter, F.: Handbook of Modal Logics. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bobbio, N.: Norma. In: Enciclopedia Einaudi, Torino, Einaudi, vol. 9, pp. 876–907 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bochman, A.: Explanatory Nonmonotonic Reasoning. World Scientific Publishing, London (2005)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Boella, G., Broersen, J., van der Torre, L.: Reasoning about constitutive norms, counts-as conditionals, institutions, deadlines and violations. In: Bui, T.D., Ho, T.V., Ha, Q.-T. (eds.) PRIMA 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5357, pp. 86–97. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Boella, G., van der Torre, L.: Institutions with a hierarchy of authorities in distributed dynamic environments. Artif. Intell. Law 16(1), 53–71 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Boella, G., van der Torre, L., Verhagen, H.: Introduction to the special issue on normative multiagent systems. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 17(1), 1–10 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Broersen, J., Dastani, M., van der Torre, L.W.N.: BDIOCTL: Obligations and the specification of agent behavior. In: Gottlob, G., Walsh, T. (eds.) IJCAI-03, Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Acapulco, Mexico, August 9-15, pp. 1389–1390. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Broersen, J., Dignum, F., Dignum, V., Meyer, J.-J.C.: Designing a deontic logic of deadlines. In: Lomuscio, A., Nute, D. (eds.) DEON 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3065, pp. 43–56. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Broersen, J., van der Torre, L.: Conditional norms and dyadic obligations in time. In: Ghallab, M., Spyropoulos, C.D., Fakotakis, N., Avouris, N.M. (eds.) Proceedings of ECAI 2008 - 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Patras, Greece, July 21-25. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 178, pp. 883–884. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Broersen, J., van der Torre, L.: Reasoning about norms, obligations, time and agents. In: Ghose, A.K., Governatori, G., Sadananda, R. (eds.) Agent Computing and Multi-Agent Systems, 10th Pacific Rim International Conference on Multi-Agents, PRIMA 2007, Revised Papers, Bangkok, Thailand, November 21-23. LNCS, vol. 5044, pp. 171–182. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bulygin, E.: Permissive norms and normative systems. In: Martino, A., Socci Natali, F. (eds.) Automated Analysis of Legal Texts, pp. 211–218. Publishing Company, Amsterdam (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Chellas, B.: Modal logic: an introduction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1980)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Forrester, J.W.: Gentle murder, or the adverbial samaritan. Journal of Philosophy 81, 193–197 (1984)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Gabbay, D.M.: Reactive kripke models and contrary to duty obligations. In: van der Meyden, R., van der Torre, L. (eds.) DEON 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5076, pp. 155–173. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Goble, L.: A logic for deontic dilemmas. J. Applied Logic 3(3-4), 461–483 (2005)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Grossi, D., Meyer, J.-J.C., Dignum, F.: Counts-as: Classification or constitution? an answer using modal logic. In: Goble, L., Meyer, J.-J.C. (eds.) DEON 2006. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4048, pp. 115–130. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Hansen, J.: Imperatives and deontic logic: On the semantic foundations of deontic logic. PhD thesis, University of Leipzig (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hansen, J., Pigozzi, G., van der Torre, L.W.N.: Ten philosophical problems in deontic logic. In: Boella, G., van der Torre, L.W.N., Verhagen, H. (eds.) Normative Multi-agent Systems, Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Internationales Begegnungs- und Forschungszentrum für Informatik (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, March 18-23, vol. 07122 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hansson, B.: An analysis of some deontic logics. Nôus 3, 373–398 (1969)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. Jones, A., Sergot, M.: A formal characterisation of institutionalised power. Journal of IGPL 3, 427–443 (1996)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. Lewis, D.: A problem about permission. In: Saarinen, E. (ed.) Essays in Honour of Jaakko Hintikka, pp. 163–175. D. Reidel, Dordrecht (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Lindahl, L.: Norms, meaning postulates, and legal predicates. In: Garzón Valdés, E. (ed.) Normative Systems in Legal and Moral Theory. Festschrift for Carlos E. Alchourrón and Eugenio Bulygin, pp. 293–307. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Makinson, D.: On a fundamental problem of deontic logic. In: McNamara, P., Prakken, H. (eds.) Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies on Deontic Logic and Computer Science, pp. 29–54. IOS Press, Amsterdam (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Makinson, D., van der Torre, L.: Input-output logics. Journal of Philosophical Logic 29(4), 383–408 (2000)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  30. Makinson, D., van der Torre, L.: Constraints for input-output logics. Journal of Philosophical Logic 30(2), 155–185 (2001)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  31. Makinson, D., van der Torre, L.: Permissions from an input-output perspective. Journal of Philosophical Logic 32(4), 391–416 (2003)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  32. Makinson, D.: Ways of doing logic: What was different about agm 1985? J. Logic Computat. 13(1), 515 (2003)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  33. Meyer, J.J.C.: A different approach to deontic logic: Deontic logic viewed as a variant of dynamic logic. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 29(1), 109–136 (1988)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  34. Tan, Y.-H., van der Torre, L.W.N.: How to combine ordering and minimizing in a deontic logic based on preferences. In: Brown, M.A., Carmo, J. (eds.) Deontic Logic, Agency and Normative Systems, DEON ’96: Third International Workshop on Deontic Logic in Computer Science, Workshops in Computing, Sesimbra, Portugal, January 11-13, pp. 216–232. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Tinnemeier, N.A.M., Dastani, M., Meyer, J.-J.C., van der Torre, L.W.N.: Programming normative artifacts with declarative obligations and prohibitions. In: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology, IAT 2009, Milan, Italy, September 15-18, pp. 145–152. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  36. van der Torre, L., Tan, Y.-H.: Deontic update semantics. In: McNamara, P., Prakken, H. (eds.) Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies on Deontic Logic and Computer Science, pp. 73–89. IOS Press, Amsterdam (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  37. van der Torre, L.W.N., Tan, Y.-H.: Contrary-to-duty reasoning with preference-based dyadic obligations. Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. 27(1-4), 49–78 (1999)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  38. van der Torre, L.W.N., Tan, Y.-H.: Diagnosis and decision making in normative reasoning. Artif. Intell. Law 7(1), 51–67 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. van der Torre, L.W.N., Tan, Y.-H.: Rights, duties and commitments between agents. In: Dean, T. (ed.) Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI ’99, Stockholm, Sweden, July 31 - August 6, 2 vols., 1450 pages, pp. 1239–1246. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  40. van der Torre, L.W.N., Tan, Y.-H.: An update semantics for defeasible obligations. In: Laskey, K.B., Prade, H. (eds.) UAI ’99: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Stockholm, Sweden, July 30-August 1, pp. 631–638. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  41. van der Torre, L.W.N., Tan, Y.-H.: Dynamic normative reasoning under uncertainty: How to distinguish between obligations under uncertainty and prima facie obligations. In: Gabbay, D.M., Smets, P. (eds.) Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems. Agents, Reasoning and Dynamics, vol. 6, pp. 267–297. Kluwer, Dordrecht (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  42. van der Torre, L.W.N.: Reasoning about Obligations: Defeasibility in Preference-Based Deontic Logic. PhD thesis, Erasmus University of Rotterdam (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  43. van der Torre, L.W.N., Tan, Y.-H.: Two phase deontic logic. Logique et Analyse 171-172, 411–426 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Veltman, F.: Defaults in update semantics. Journal of Philosophical Logic 25(3), 221–261 (1996)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  45. von Wright, G.H.: Deontic logic. Mind 60, 1–15 (1951)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. von Wright, G.H.: Norm and Action. In: A logical Inquiry, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  47. von Wright, G.H.: On a fundamental problem of deontic logic. In: McNamara, P., Prakken, H. (eds.) Norms, Logics and Information Systems. New Studies on Deontic Logic and Computer Science, pp. 15–25. IOS Press, Amsterdam (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Weydert, E.: Hyperrational conditionals - monotonic reasoning about nested default conditionals. In: Lakemeyer, G., Nebel, B. (eds.) ECAI-WS 1992. LNCS, vol. 810, pp. 310–332. Springer, Heidelberg (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Weydert, E.: System jlz - rational default reasoning by minimal ranking constructions. J. Applied Logic 1(3-4), 273–308 (2003)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Individual and Collective Reasoning, Computer Science and Communication, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg

    Leendert van der Torre

Authors
  1. Leendert van der Torre
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Queensland Research Laboratory, National ICT Australia, 4067, St Lucia, QLD, Australia

    Guido Governatori

  2. European University Institute, Badia Fiesolana, 50016 San Domenico di Fiesole, Florence, Italy, and University of Bologna, Via Zamboni, 33, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    Giovanni Sartor

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

van der Torre, L. (2010). Deontic Redundancy: A Fundamental Challenge for Deontic Logic. In: Governatori, G., Sartor, G. (eds) Deontic Logic in Computer Science. DEON 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 6181. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14183-6_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14183-6_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-14182-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-14183-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation