Abstract
The mode of a multiset of labels, is a label that occurs at least as often as any other label. The input to the range mode problem is an array A of size n. A range query [i,j] must return the mode of the subarray A[i],A[i + 1],...,A[j]. We prove that any data structure that uses S memory cells of w bits needs \(\Omega(\frac{{\rm log} n}{\log (Sw/n)})\) time to answer a range mode query. Secondly, we consider the related range k-frequency problem. The input to this problem is an array A of size n, and a query [i,j] must return whether there exists a label that occurs precisely k times in the subarray A[i],A[i + 1],...,A[j]. We show that for any constant k > 1, this problem is equivalent to 2D orthogonal rectangle stabbing, and that for k = 1 this is no harder than four-sided 3D orthogonal range emptiness. Finally, we consider approximate range mode queries. A c-approximate range mode query must return a label that occurs at least 1/c times that of the mode. We describe a linear space data structure that supports 3-approximate range mode queries in constant time, and a data structure that uses \(O(\frac{n}{\varepsilon})\) space and supports (1 + ε)-approximation queries in \(O({\rm log} {\frac {1}{\varepsilon}})\) time.
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Greve, M., Jørgensen, A.G., Larsen, K.D., Truelsen, J. (2010). Cell Probe Lower Bounds and Approximations for Range Mode. In: Abramsky, S., Gavoille, C., Kirchner, C., Meyer auf der Heide, F., Spirakis, P.G. (eds) Automata, Languages and Programming. ICALP 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6198. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14165-2_51
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14165-2_51
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