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Acute Toxicities, Late Sequelae, and Quality of Survivorship in Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Impact of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant

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Childhood Leukemia

Part of the book series: Pediatric Oncology ((PEDIATRICO))

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Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies that arise within bone marrow precursors of the myeloid, monocyte, erythroid, and megakaryocytic lineages (Pizzo and Poplack 2005). It comprises between 15% and 20% of all leukemias occurring during childhood. The incidence of new cases varies during childhood by year of age; the highest incidence is in early childhood, with about 12 cases per million in children up to age 2, declining steadily thereafter to its lowest incidence of about 4 per million at age 9, then climbing again during adolescence (Fig. 10.1). AML affects male and female children and black and white children in the US about equally (Ries and Smith 1999). Survival after AML (5-year relative survival) has increased steadily in the US over the period 1975–2005, from a rate of 18.8% in 1975–1977 to 60.2% in the period 1999–2005 for children diagnosed from 0 to 14 years of age (Fig. 10.2). It is likely that the growth and refinement of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) from related and unrelated donors since the 1970s has contributed to this improvement. However, survival after AML still lags considerably behind acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), for which survival had reached 89.0% in the interval 1999–2005 (Ries and Smith 1999). Again in contrast to ALL, survival after AML was slightly better for females than for males with AML, but there were no detectable differences between blacks and whites (Ries and Smith 1999). Within Europe from 1988 to 1997, regional differences in survival after AML in children were pronounced from North to East, where survival was significantly poorer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Boyne Research Institute, Duke House, Duke Street, Drogheda, Ireland

    Julianne Byrne

  2. Emory School of Medicine/Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, AFLAC Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA

    John Horan

  3. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Doernbecher Childrens Hospital – OHSU, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA

    H. Stacy Nicholson

Authors
  1. Julianne Byrne
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  2. John Horan
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  3. H. Stacy Nicholson
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Correspondence to Julianne Byrne .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, EW. Highway 4600, Bethesda, 20814, Maryland, USA

    Gregory H. Reaman

  2. Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Medical Center (CCHMC), University of Cincinnati, Burnett Avenue 3333, Cincinnati, 45229, Ohio, USA

    Franklin O. Smith

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Byrne, J., Horan, J., Nicholson, H.S. (2011). Acute Toxicities, Late Sequelae, and Quality of Survivorship in Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Impact of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant. In: Reaman, G., Smith, F. (eds) Childhood Leukemia. Pediatric Oncology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13781-5_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13781-5_10

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