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Metabolism of Fatty Acids in Adipocytes

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Novel Insights into Adipose Cell Functions

Part of the book series: Research and Perspectives in Endocrine Interactions ((RPEI))

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Abstract

Adipose tissue is found in mammals in two different forms: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). The primary and best-known function of WAT is to store energy in the form of triglycerides in periods of excess energy intake and to release it in the form of free fatty acids for other organs during fasting, whereas BAT is specialized for heat production. As the body’s major site for energy storage, WAT provides a buffer for energy imbalances when energy intake is not equal to energy output. The pathways by which WAT accumulates and mobilizes fat are dynamic and tightly regulated. With the alarming rise of the epidemic of obesity and the growing concern about obesity-related pathologies in the context of the metabolic syndrome, understanding mechanisms that control adipose tissue fat metabolism is essential to explain obesity’s etiology and its complications and to identify novel therapeutic targets. An overview of the mechanisms involved in the control of lipid uptake, lipid synthesis (de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid esterification), fat mobilization (lipolysis) and fatty acid oxidation will be presented. The discovery of BAT in adult humans and the possibility of converting white into brown fat-like adipocytes open up new opportunities for the development of treatments or preventive drugs for obesity and its metabolic and cardiovascular complications. New generation of lipolysis inhibitors may prove promising in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Recherches sur les Obésités, Inserm U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, BP84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France

    D. Langin

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  1. A. L. Dinel
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  2. C. Kolditz
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  3. D. Langin
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Correspondence to D. Langin .

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  1. Fondation IPSEN, Quai Georges Gorse 65, Boulogne-Billancourt Cedex, 92650, France

    Yves Christen

  2. , Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Pitié Salpetrière Hospital, rue de l'école de médecine 15, Paris, 75006, France

    Karine Clément

  3. and the Harvard Medical School, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Binney Street 44, Boston, 02115, USA

    Bruce M. Spiegelman

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Dinel, A.L., Kolditz, C., Langin, D. (2010). Metabolism of Fatty Acids in Adipocytes. In: Christen, Y., Clément, K., Spiegelman, B. (eds) Novel Insights into Adipose Cell Functions. Research and Perspectives in Endocrine Interactions. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13517-0_3

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