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Methylxanthines and Drug Dependence: A Focus on Interactions with Substances of Abuse

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Methylxanthines

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 200))

Abstract

This chapter examines the psychostimulant actions of methylxanthines, with a focus on the consequences of their excessive use. Consumption of methylxanthines is pervasive and their use is often associated with that of substances known to produce dependence and to have abuse potential. Therefore, the consequences of this combined use are taken into consideration in order to evaluate whether, and to what extent, methylxanthines could influence dependence on or abuse of other centrally active substances, leading to either amplification or attenuation of their effects. Since the methylxanthine that mostly influences mental processes and readily induces psychostimulation is caffeine, this review mainly focuses on caffeine as a prototype of methylxanthine-produced dependence, examining, at the same time, the risks related to caffeine use.

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Abbreviations

CPP:

Conditioned place preference

D2High:

High-affinity D2

DARPP-32:

Dopamine- and cyclic-AMPregulated 32-kDa phosphoprotein

DSM IV:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition

IEGs:

Immediate early genes

NGFI-A:

Nerve growth factor I-A

NMDA:

N-Methyl-d-aspartate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy

    Micaela Morelli & Nicola Simola

  2. Centre of Excellence for Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, 09124, Cagliari, Italy

    Micaela Morelli

  3. CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari, Italy

    Micaela Morelli

Authors
  1. Micaela Morelli
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  2. Nicola Simola
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Correspondence to Micaela Morelli .

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Morelli, M., Simola, N. (2011). Methylxanthines and Drug Dependence: A Focus on Interactions with Substances of Abuse. In: Methylxanthines. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 200. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13443-2_20

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