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Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhämatologie pp 297–309Cite as

Akuter Blutverlust in der operativen Medizin

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Zusammenfassung

Der akute Blutverlust stellt seit jeher eines der schwierigsten Probleme in der Notfall- und operativen Medizin dar. Außer dem Volumenverlust ist auch der Verlust der einzelnen Blutkomponenten zu beachten, da das Blut den vielfältigen Anforderungen nur bei optimalem Zusammenwirken seiner Bestandteile gerecht werden kann. Neben dem Transport von Sauerstoff, Nährstoffen, Stoffwechselmetaboliten und Komponenten des körpereigenen Immunsystems nimmt das Blut auch eine zentrale Rolle bei der Steuerung der intrinsischen Gerinnung ein. Aus diesem Grund ist beim akuten Blutverlust nicht nur an den Volumenverlust und den Verlust an Sauerstofftransportkapazität zu denken, sondern auch an den Verlust gerinnungsaktiver Komponenten. Besonders in der Kombination mit anderen schweren systemischen Reaktionen wie beim Schock oder während einer Sepsis sind Gerinnungsstörungen keine Seltenheit. Ziel dieses Kapitels ist es, die gebräuchlichsten Richtgrößen zur Therapie von akuten Blutverlusten in der operativen Medizin unter Einbeziehung der von der Bundesärztekammer formulierten Leitlinien darzulegen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung Anästhesiologie, Universitätsmedizinisches Zentrum Groningen Universität Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, NL-9700 RB, Groningen

    Prof. Dr. T. Scheeren

  2. Klinik u. Poliklinik f. Anästhesiologie u. Intensivtherapie, Univ.-Klinikum Rostock AöR, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock

    Dr. S. M. Hergert

  3. Klinik u. Poliklinik f. Anästhesiologie u. Intensivtherapie, Univ.-Klinikum Rostock AöR, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock

    Prof. Dr. G. Nöldge-Schomburg

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  1. Abteilung für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Rostock AöR, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock

    Volker Kiefel

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Scheeren, T., Hergert, S., Nöldge-Schomburg, G. (2010). Akuter Blutverlust in der operativen Medizin. In: Kiefel, V., Mueller-Eckhardt, C. (eds) Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhämatologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12765-6_21

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