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Dormancy and Resistance in Harsh Environments pp 227–252Cite as

Mammalian Hibernation: Physiology, Cell Signaling, and Gene Controls on Metabolic Rate Depression

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Part of the book series: Topics in Current Genetics ((TCG,volume 21))

Abstract

During the hibernating season, small mammals may suppress their metabolic rate during cyclic periods of deep torpor by as much as 99% as compared with normothermia. Endocrine regulation of metabolic depression is still poorly understood but recent studies suggest involvement of hormones including iodothyronamine, leptin, and ghrelin. At the intracellular level, suppression of many metabolic functions is achieved via reversible protein phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, protein synthesis translation factors, and ion pumps. Potential roles for signaling enzymes such as the AMP-activated protein kinase in the coordination of metabolic suppression have been analyzed. Recent advances in the control of global gene expression have identified participating mechanisms including histone modifications that affect chromatin structure, SUMOylation to suppress transcription factor action, and differential regulation of mRNA transcripts by interaction with microRNA species. However, despite global transcriptional suppression, selected transcription factors are active during torpor bouts triggering the up-regulation of specific genes that serve the hibernation phenotype.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks to J.M. Storey for editorial review of the manuscript. Research in the Storey lab was supported by a discovery grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; KBS holds the Canada Research Chair in Molecular Physiology. Research in the Rider laboratory was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program – Belgian Science Policy (P5/05 and P6/28), the Directorate General Higher Education and Scientific Research, French Community of Belgium, the Fund for Medical Scientific Research (Belgium), and the EXGENESIS Integrated Project (LSHM-CT-2004-005272) from the European Commission. Research in the Heldmaier lab was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG HE 990/9 and 10).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6

    Kenneth B. Storey

  2. Faculty of Biology, Marburg University, D-35032, Marburg, Germany

    Gerhard Heldmaier

  3. Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200, Brussels, Belgium

    Mark H. Rider

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  1. Kenneth B. Storey
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  2. Gerhard Heldmaier
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  3. Mark H. Rider
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Correspondence to Kenneth B. Storey .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Re, Haifa, 31080, Israel

    Esther Lubzens

  2. Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, Center of Aquaculture, IRTA Institut de Recerca i, Ctra. Poble Nou km 6, San Carlos de la Rapita, 43540, Spain

    Joan Cerda

  3. , Ecosystems, British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom

    Melody Clark

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Storey, K.B., Heldmaier, G., Rider, M.H. (2010). Mammalian Hibernation: Physiology, Cell Signaling, and Gene Controls on Metabolic Rate Depression. In: Lubzens, E., Cerda, J., Clark, M. (eds) Dormancy and Resistance in Harsh Environments. Topics in Current Genetics, vol 21. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12422-8_13

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