Introduction
This chapter reports work done mostly by one member of the team – a philosopher with substantial AI programming experience, whose primary interests were in the very long term goals of the project, summarised in Chapter 1, including the goal of shedding light on problems solved by biological evolution, and who was not directly involved in the coding but who interacted closely with people who were, and with people outside the project, in several related disciplines. The majority of the work reported here is concerned with requirements, and gaps between those requirements and the current state-of-the-art in AI/Robotics, and related disciplines. A key feature of this work is its emphasis on study of aspects of the 3-D environment we and other animals inhabit, with which a Fido-like intelligent domestic robot (described in Chapter 1) would need to interact. This is an essential part of a strategy for developing a roadmap to bridge the gaps in the long term.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Chappell, J., Sloman, A.: Natural and artificial meta-configured altricial information-processing systems. International Journal of Unconventional Computing 3(3), 211–239 (2007), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#tr0609 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Chappell/etal:2007
Sloman, A.: How to Put the Pieces of AI Together Again, Tech. Rep. COSY-TR-0608, University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science. Poster summary for AAAI 2006 Members Poster Session, Boston (July 2006); 2-Page abstract at, http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#tr0608 , Poster at http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#pr0603 (2006), http://www.cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2006a
Sloman, A.: Introduction to Symposium GC5: Architecture of Brain and Mind Integrating high level cognitive processes with brain mechanisms and functions in a working robot. In: Proceedings of the AISB 2006 Adaptation in Artificial and Biological Systems, Bristol (2006), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#tr0602 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2006
Sloman, A.: Putting the Pieces Together Again. In: Sun, R. (ed.) Cambridge Handbook on Computational Psychology, ch. 26, pp. 684–709. Cambridge University Press, New York (2008), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/07.html#710 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2008a
Sloman, A.: The Well-Designed Young Mathematician. Artificial Intelligence 172(18), 2015–2034 (2008), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#tr0807 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2008
Sloman, A., Chappell, J.: The Altricial-Precocial Spectrum for Robots. In: Proceedings IJCAI 2005, IJCAI, Edinburgh, pp. 1187–1192 (2005), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/cogaff/05.html#200502 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman/etal:2005
Sloman, A., Schiele, B. (eds.) Tutorial on Learning and Representation in Animals and Robots. In: IJCAI 2005, Edinburgh (2005), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/conferences , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman/etal:2005c
Sloman, A.: Spatial prepositions as higher order functions: And implications of Grice’s theory for evolution of language. Research Note COSY-DP-0605, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (2005), http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2005
Sloman, A.: Polyflaps as a domain for perceiving, acting and learning in a 3-D world. In: Position Papers for 2006 AAAI Fellows Symposium. AAAI, Menlo Park (2006), http://www.aaai.org/Fellows/fellows.php , http://www.aaai.org/Fellows/Papers/Fellows16.pdf , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2006b
Sloman, A.: Requirements for a Fully Deliberative Architecture (Or component of an architecture). Research Note COSY-DP-0604, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#dp0604 (May 2006), http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2006c
Sloman, A.: Sensorimotor vs objective contingencies. Research Note COSY-DP-0603, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#dp0603 (May 2006), http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2006d
Sloman, A.: Diversity of Developmental Trajectories in Natural and Artificial Intelligence. In: Morrison, C.T., Oates, T.T. (eds.) Computational Approaches to Representation Change during Learning and Development. AAAI Fall Symposium 2007, Technical Report FS-07-03, pp. 70–79. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2007), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#tr0704 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2007a
Sloman, A.: Predicting Affordance Changes (Alternatives ways to deal with uncertainty). Tech. Rep. COSY-DP-0702, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, unpublished discussion paper, http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#dp0702HTML (November 2007), http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2007e
Sloman, A.: Requirements for Digital Companions: It’s harder than you think. Position Paper for Workshop on Artificial Companions in Society: Perspectives on the Present and Future Organised by the Companions project, October 25-26. Oxford Internet Institute (2007), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/07.html#711 (October 2007), http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2007d
Sloman, A.: What evolved first and develops first in children: Languages for communicating? or Languages for thinking (Generalised Languages: GLs). Presentation given to Birmingham Psychology department, http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#pr0702 (2007), http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2007g
Sloman, A.: Why Some Machines May Need Qualia and How They Can Have Them: Including a Demanding New Turing Test for Robot Philosophers. In: Chella, A., Manzotti, R. (eds.) AI and Consciousness: Theoretical Foundations and Current Approaches AAAI Fall Symposium 2007, Technical Report FS-07-01, pp. 9–16. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2007), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#tr0705 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2007b
Sloman, A.: Why symbol-grounding is both impossible and unnecessary, and why theory-tethering is more powerful anyway, http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/talks/#models (2007), http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2007f
Sloman, A.: A Multi-picture Challenge for Theories of Vision (2008), http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2008e
Sloman, A.: A New Approach to Philosophy of Mathematics: Design a young explorer, able to discover “toddler theorems”. Online presentation, http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/talks/#toddler (2008), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/talks/sloman-toddler1.pdf
Sloman, A.: Architectural and representational requirements for seeing processes, proto-affordances and affordances. In: Cohn, A.G., Hogg, D.C., Möller, R., Neumann, B. (eds.) Logic and Probability for Scene Interpretation, no. 08091 in Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Germany, Dagstuhl, Germany (2008), http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2008b
Sloman, A.: Kantian Philosophy of Mathematics and Young Robots. In: Autexier, S., Campbell, J., Rubio, J., Sorge, V., Suzuki, M., Wiedijk, F. (eds.) Intelligent Computer Mathematics. LNCS, vol. 5144, pp. 558–573. Springer, Heidelberg (2008), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers#tr0802 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2008c
Sloman, A.: Varieties of Meta-cognition in Natural and Artificial Systems. In: Cox, M.T., Raja, A. (eds.) Workshop on Metareasoning, AAAI 2008 Conference, pp. 12–20. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2008), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#tr0803 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2008d
Sloman, A.: Architectural and representational requirements for seeing processes and affordances. In: Computational Modelling in Behavioural Neuroscience: Closing the gap between neurophysiology and behaviour. Psychology Press, London (2009), http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2009
Sloman, A.: Machines in the Ghost. In: Dietrich, D., Fodor, G., Zucker, G., Bruckner, D. (eds.) Simulating the Mind: A Technical Neuropsychoanalytical Approach, pp. 124–148. Springer, Vienna (2009), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#tr0702 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2009a
Sloman, A.: Some Requirements for Human-like Robots: Why the recent over-emphasis on embodiment has held up progress. In: Sendhoff, B., Koerner, E., Sporns, O., Ritter, H., Doya, K. (eds.) Creating Brain-like Intelligence, pp. 248–277. Springer, Berlin (2009), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#tr0804 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman:2009b
Sloman, A., Chappell, J.: Altricial self-organising information-processing systems. AISB Quarterly (121), 5–7 (2005), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/cogaff/05.html#200503 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman/etal:2005a
Sloman, A., Chappell, J.: Computational Cognitive Epigenetics (Commentary on Jablonka and Lamb: Evolution in Four Dimensions (2005)). Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30(4), 375–376 (2007), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#tr0703 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman/etal:2007
Sloman, A., Chappell, J., Team, T.C.: How an animal or robot with 3-D manipulation skills experiences the world. In: The tenth annual meeting of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness, Oxford, ASSC, Internet (2006), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#pr0602 , Poster for ASSC10, Oxford (June 2006), Also at ASSC10 Eprints Archive, http://eprints.assc.caltech.edu/112/ , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman/etal:2006
Sloman, A., Chappell, J., The CoSy PlayMate team.: Orthogonal Recombinable Competences Acquired by Altricial Species (Blankets, string, and plywood). Research Note COSY-DP-0601, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers#dp0601 (January 2006), http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman/etal:2006c
Sloman, A.: Cosy-partners. CoSy deliverable DR.2.1 Requirements study for representations, Tech. Rep. COSY-TR-0507, The University of Birmingham, UK, http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#tr0507 (2005), http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman/etal:2005b
Sloman, A., Birmingham CoSy Project Team, Chappell, J.: Poster: Acquiring Orthogonal Recombinable Competences. In: Bekkering, H. (ed.) Proceedings CogSys-II. Radboud University Nijmegen, NL (2006), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#pr0601 , Conference, http://www.socsci.ru.nl/CogSys2 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman/etal:2006b
Sloman, A., Wyatt, J., Hawes, N., Chappell, J., Kruijff, G.-J.M.: Long Term Requirements for Cognitive Robotics. In: Cognitive Robotics: Papers from the 2006 AAAI Workshop: Technical Report WS-06-03, pp. 143–150. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2006), http://www.aaai.org/Library/Workshops/ws06-03.php , http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#tr0604 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#Sloman/etal:2006a
Sloman, A.: The SimAgent TOOLKIT – for Philosophers and Engineers (And Some Biologists, Psychologists and Social Scientists) (1996), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/poplog/packages/simagent.html
Sloman, A., Logan, B.: Building cognitively rich agents using the Sim_agent toolkit. Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery 42(3), 71–77 (1999), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/96-9%9.html#49
Fodor, J.: The Language of Thought. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1975)
Sloman, A.: The primacy of non-communicative language. In: MacCafferty, M., Gray, K. (eds.) The analysis of Meaning: Informatics 5 Proceedings ASLIB/BCS Conference, Oxford, Aslib, London, March 1979, pp. 1–15 (1979), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/81-95.html#43
Jablonka, E., Lamb, M.J.: Evolution in Four Dimensions: Genetic, Epigenetic, Behavioral, and Symbolic Variation in the History of Life. MIT Press, Cambridge (2005)
Warneken, F., Tomasello, M.: Altruistic helping in human infants and young chimpanzees. Science, 1301–1303 (2006), doi:10.1126/science.1121448
Sloman, A.: The Computer Revolution in Philosophy. Harvester Press/Humanities Press, Hassocks (1978), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/cogaff/crp
Ambler, A.P., Barrow, H.G., Brown, C.M., Burstall, R.M., Popplestone, R.J.: A Versatile Computer-Controlled Assembly System. In: Proc. Third Int. Joint Conf. on AI, Stanford, California, pp. 298–307 (1973)
Gibson, E.J., Pick, A.D.: An Ecological Approach to Perceptual Learning and Development. Oxford University Press, New York (2000)
Sloman, A.: A First Draft Analysis of some Meta-Requirements for Cognitive Systems in Robots, contribution to euCognition wiki, also available as, http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#dp0701 (2007), http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#slomanDp0701
Carnap, R.: Meaning and necessity: a study in semantics and modal logic. Chicago University Press, Chicago (1947)
Sloman, A.: The structure of the space of possible minds. In: Torrance, S. (ed.) The Mind and the Machine: philosophical aspects of Artificial Intelligence, Ellis Horwood, Chichester (1984), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/07.html#704
Sloman, A.: Explorations in design space. In: Cohn, A. (ed.) Proceedings 11th European Conference on AI, Amsterdam, August 1994, pp. 578–582. John Wiley, Chichester (1994)
Sloman, A.: Interacting trajectories in design space and niche space: A philosopher speculates about evolution. In: Deb, K., Rudolph, G., Lutton, E., Merelo, J.J., Schoenauer, M., Schwefel, H.-P., Yao, X., et al. (eds.) PPSN 2000. LNCS, vol. 1917, pp. 3–16. Springer, Heidelberg (2000), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/00-02.html#62
Scheutz, M.: The evolution of simple affective states in multi-agent environments. In: Cañamero, D. (ed.) Proceedings AAAI Fall Symposium 2001, pp. 123–128. AAAI Press, Falmouth (2001)
Neisser, U.: Cognitive Psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York (1967)
Gibson, J.J.: The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Houghton Mifflin, Boston (1979)
McCarthy, J.: The Well-Designed Child. Artificial Intelligence 172(18), 2003–2014 (2008)
Sloman, A.: Interactions between philosophy and AI: The role of intuition and non-logical reasoning in intelligence. In: Proc. 2nd IJCAI, pp. 209–226. William Kaufmann, London (1971), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/cogaff/04.html#200407
Pylyshyn, Z.: Is vision continuous with cognition? The case for Cognitive impenetrability of visual perception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22(3), 341–423 (1999)
Trehub, A.: The Cognitive Brain. MIT Press, Cambridge (1991)
Langley, P., Laird, J.: Cognitive architectures: Research issues and challenges, Tech. rep., Institute for the Study of Learning and Expertise, Palo Alto, CA (2006), http://cll.stanford.edu/~langley/papers/final.arch.pdf
Milner, R.: The Polyadic pi-Calculus: A Tutorial, Tech. Rep. LFCS report ECS-LFCS-91-180, The University of Edinburgh
Hewitt, C., Bishop, P., Steiger, R.: A Universal Modular ACTOR Formalism for Artificial Intelligence. In: Proc. Third Int. Joint Conf. on AI (1973)
Nilsson, N.: Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1998)
Gibson, J.: The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems. Houghton Mifflin, Boston (1966)
Brooks, R.: A robust layered control system for a mobile robot. IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation RA-2, 14–23, 1 (1986)
Gat, E.: On three layer architectures. In: Kortenkamp, D., Bonnasso, R.P., Murphey, R. (eds.) Artificial Intelligence and Mobile Robots. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (1998)
Minsky, M.L.: The Emotion Machine. Pantheon, New York (2006)
Sloman, A.: The Cognition and Affect Project: Architectures, Architecture-Schemas, And The New Science of Mind. Tech. rep., School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham (2003), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/03.html#200307
Sun, R.: The CLARION cognitive architecture: Extending cognitive modeling to social simulation. In: Sun, R. (ed.) Cognition and Multi-Agent Interaction, pp. 79–99. Cambridge University Press, New York (2006), http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/sun.clarion2005.pdf
Albus, J.: Brains, Behaviour and Robotics, Byte Books. McGraw Hill, Peterborough (1981)
Cooper, R., Shallice, T.: Contention scheduling and the control of routine activities. Cognitive Neuropsychology 17(4), 297–338 (2000)
Block, N.: On a confusion about the function of consciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, 227–247 (1995)
Dennett, D.: Kinds of minds: towards an understanding of consciousness. Weidenfeld and Nicholson, London (1996)
Minsky, M.L.: Steps towards artificial intelligence. In: Feigenbaum, E., Feldman, J. (eds.) Computers and Thought, pp. 406–450. McGraw-Hill, New York (1963)
McCarthy, J., Hayes, P.: Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of AI. In: Meltzer, B., Michie, D. (eds.) Machine Intelligence 4, pp. 463–502. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh (1969), http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/mcchay69/mcchay69.html
Beaudoin, L., Sloman, A.: A study of motive processing and attention. In: Sloman, A., Hogg, D., Humphreys, G., Partridge, D., Ramsay, A. (eds.) Prospects for Artificial Intelligence, pp. 229–238. IOS Press, Amsterdam (1993), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/81-95.html#16
Sloman, A.: How to derive “better” from “is”. American Phil. Quarterly 6, 43–52 (1969), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/cogaff/sloman.better.html
Rochat, P.: The Infant’s World. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (2001)
Sloman, A.: Perception of structure: Anyone Interested?, http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cosy/papers/#pr0507 , http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#sloman-cosypr0507 (2005)
Grush, R.: The emulation theory of representation: Motor control, imagery, and perception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, 377–442 (2004)
Smith, B.: On the Origin of Objects. MIT Press, Cambridge (1996)
Sloman, A.: Actual possibilities. In: Aiello, L., Shapiro, S. (eds.) Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference (KR 1996), pp. 627–638. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Boston (1996), http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/cogaff/96-99.html#15
Kant, I.: Critique of Pure Reason. Macmillan, London (1929); 1781, translated by Norman Kemp Smith
Russell, B.: Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays. Allen & Unwin, London (1917)
Rips, L.J., Bloomfield, A., Asmuth, J.: From Numerical Concepts to Concepts of Number. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
Ryle, G.: The Concept of Mind. Hutchinson, London (1949)
Sloman, A.: Two Notions Contrasted: ‘Logical Geography’ and ‘Logical Topography’ (Variations on a theme by Gilbert Ryle: The logical topography of ‘Logical Geography’.). Tech. Rep. COSY-DP-0703, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (2007), http://cognitivesystems.org/cosybook/chap12.asp#cosy-dp-0703
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sloman, A. (2010). Cross-Disciplinary Reflections: Philosophical Robotics. In: Christensen, H.I., Kruijff, GJ.M., Wyatt, J.L. (eds) Cognitive Systems. Cognitive Systems Monographs, vol 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11694-0_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11694-0_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-11693-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-11694-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)