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Special Manholes

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Abstract

Special manholes can generate significant losses that lead to poor hydraulic flow conditions. This chapter demonstrates that junctions behave as pressurized conduits for subcritical flow in terms of energy losses. Accordingly, the well known loss coefficients can be applied. Starting from specified downstream conditions and loss coefficients, the flows in the upstream junction branches can be determined.

Supercritical junction flow receives particular attention. Following a general discussion of flow phenomena in Sect. 16.3, applications including the channel expansion, the channel bend and the channel junction are described for the rectangular channel. Methods to reduce shockwaves and to improve flow uniformity are also given.

Section 16.4 refers to the through-flow, the bend and the junction manholes. Although there are still various flow features to be explained, the main aspects of junction manholes are currently known and a design procedure is available.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. VAW, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland

    Dr. Willi H. Hager

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  1. Dr. Willi H. Hager
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Correspondence to Willi H. Hager .

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Hager, W.H. (2010). Special Manholes. In: Wastewater Hydraulics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11383-3_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11383-3_16

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-11382-6

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