Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Acupuncture Therapy for Neurological Diseases pp 226–262Cite as

Acupuncture Therapy for Stroke

  • Chapter

Abstract

In this chapter, we shall review the clinic application of acupuncture treatment on stroke, and the mechanistic research on animal models of ischemic brain infarction. Acupuncture has been employed to treat patients with stroke in China as well as other oriental countries. Clinical data suggest that patients show better outcome and require less nursing and rehabilitation therapy after acupuncture treatment, although more studies with better control are needed to clarify the efficacy and optimal conditions of acupuncture for the treatment of ischemic brain injury. In contrast to clinical research, considerable experimental results have been obtained from bench work regarding the effect of acupuncture/electro-acupuncture on ischemic injury and the underlying mechanism. The data from our work and those from other researches suggest that acupuncture/electro-acupuncture greatly attenuate the ischemic infarction and neurological defects. Furthermore, we have recently defined the optimal conditions for maximal protection against ischemic injury in the experimental model of stroke. Appropriate stimulation of acupoints may increase the blood flow, upregulate the inherent neuroprotector activity, stabilize the ionic homeostasis, and balance the intracellular survival and death signals in the ischemic brain region. As there is no promising therapy for ischemia injury till date, acupuncture may be a useful option for the treatment of stroke. More research on acupuncture therapy for stroke may significantly improve the clinical outcome after ischemic injury and reduce the devastating effects on the individuals and their families.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF (2007) Secretory phospholipase A(2) IIA is up-regulated by TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha/beta after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rat. Brain Res 1134: 199–205

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed N, Näsman P, Wahlgren NG (2000) Effect of intravenous nimodipine on blood pressure and outcome after acute stroke. Stroke 31: 1250–1255

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arekelian AA, Boiadzhian AS, Petrek M, Aivazian VA, Manucharian GG, Mkhoian GG (2005) The role of cytokines in ischemic stroke. Klin Med (Mosk) 83: 22–24

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aronowski J, Strong R, Grotta JC (1997) Reperfusion injury: Demonstration of brain damage produced by reperfusion after transient focal ischemia in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 17: 1048–1056

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bai ZQ, Jiang JW, Zhou LL, Zheng H (2003) Influence of electroacupuncture points on MDA content and SOD, GSH-Px activity in ischemia-reperfusion rat’s hippocampus. J Jinan Univ 24: 38–41 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldauf K, Reymann KG (2005) Influence of EGF/bFGF treatment on proliferation, early neurogenesis and infarct volume after transient focal ischemia. Brain Res 1056: 158–167

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bao HL (2003) Clinical observation on patients with stroke under acupuncture treatment. Clin Acupunct Moxibut 19: 21–22 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bao SY, Yu ZS, Ge FX (1992) Relationship between acupuncture efficacy and acupuncture parameters. Zhen Jiu Xue Bao 4: 16–19 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Boutin H, Jauzac P, MacKenzie ET, Dauphin F (1998) Maximal densities of mu, delta, and kappa receptors are differentially altered by focal cerebral ischaemia in the mouse. Brain Res 787: 237–241

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boutin H, Dauphin F, Jauzac P, MacKenzie ET (2000) Exofocal alterations in opioidergic receptor densities following focal cerebral ischemia in the mouse. Exp Neural 164: 314–321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burg ED, Remillard CV, Yuan JX (2006) K(+) Channels in apoptosis. J Membr Biol 209: 3–20

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carmichael ST (2005) Rodent models of focal stroke: Size, mechanism, and purpose. NeuroRx 2: 396–409

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cechetto DF (1993) Experimental cerebral ischemic lesions and autonomic and cardiac effects in cats and rats. Stroke 24: 16–19; discussion 110-112

    Google Scholar 

  • Chao D, Donnelly D, Feng Y, Bazzy-Asaad A, Xia Y (2006 a) Cortical δ-opioid receptors potentiate K+ homeostasis during anoxia and oxygen-glucose deprivation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab [Epub ahead of print] Jun 14

    Google Scholar 

  • Chao D, Qian H, Ghassemi F, Chen JS, Xia Y (2006 b) Transgenic over-expression of δ-opioid receptors protects the cortex from anoxic disruption of ionic homeostasis. SfN Abstract 36

    Google Scholar 

  • Chao D, Bazzy-Asaad A, Balboni G, Xia Y (2007) δ? but not μ-, opioid receptor stabilizes K+ homeostasis by reducing Ca2+ influx in the cortex during acute hypoxia. J Cellular Physiol 86: 966–979

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen YM, Fang YA (1990) 108 cases of hemiplegia caused by stroke: The relationship between CT scan results, clinical findings and the effect of acupuncture treatment. Acupunct Electrother Res 15: 9–17

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen YH, Huang XF (2000) Effect of electroacupuncture on BDNF expression at ischemia cortex and infarct volume after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu (Acupuncture Research) 25: 165–168 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Huang C, Xiao D, Chen HP, Cheng JS (2003) Expression of interleukin-6 mRNA in ischemic rat brain after electroacupuncture stimulation. Acupunct Electrother Res 28: 157–166

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng S, Ma M, Ma Y, Wang Z, Xu G, Liu X (2008) Combination therapy with intranasal NGF and electroacupuncture enhanced cell proliferation and survival in rats after stroke. Neurol Res. [Epub ahead of print] Dec 5

    Google Scholar 

  • Dong JS, Chen BY (2001) Study on the effect of c-fos expression in EA resisting cerebral focal ischemic injury. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu (Acupuncture Research) 26: 97–101 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan GQ, Zhang DB, Luo W (2001) Treatment of Acupuncture on Stroke. Second Military Medical University Press, Shanghai (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Frydenlund DS, Bhardwaj A, Otsuka T, Mylonakou MN, Yasumura T, Davidson KGV, Zeynalov E, Skare Ø, Laake P, Haug FM, Rash JE, Agre P, Ottersen OP, Amiry-Moghaddam M (2006) Temporary loss of perivascular aquaporin-4 in neocortex after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. PNAS 103: 13532–13526

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gao WB, Dai TC, Sun ST (1987) Effects of electroacupuncture on 60 cases of post-stroke paralysis. Zhong Guo Zhen Jiu (Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion) 4: 13 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao H, Guo J, Zhao P, Cheng J (2002) The neuroprotective effects of electroacupuncture on focal cerebral ischemia in monkey. Acupunct Electrother Res 27: 45–57

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gosman-Hedstrom G, Claesson L, Klingenstierna U, Carlsson J, Olausson B, Frizell M, Fagerberg B, Blomstrand C (1998) Effects of acupuncture treatment on daily life activities and quality of life: A controlled, prospective, and randomized study of acute stroke patients. Stroke 29: 2100–2108

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guo JC, Cheng JS (2000) Effect of electro-acupuncture on extracellular contents of excitatory amino acid transmitters in rat striatum after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Shanghai J Acu-Mox 19: 37–39 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo JC, Gao HM, Chen J, Zhao P, Cao XD, Li Y, Cheng JS (2004) Modulation of the gene expression in the protective effects of electroacupuncture against cerebral ischemia: A cDNA microarray study. Acupunct Electrother Res 29: 173–186

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harrington T, Major M, Ommaya AK, Di Chiro G (1972) Oxygen availability in ischemic brain following hypocarbia and hypercarbia. Polarographical depth electrode recordings in evolving and completed experimental stroke in the monkey. Stroke 3: 692–701

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hong SS, Qian H, Zhao P, Bazzy-Asaad A, Xia Y (2007) Anisomycin protects cortical neurons from prolonged hypoxia with differential regulation of p38 and ERK. Brain Res 1149: 76–86

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hopwood V, Lewith G, Prescott P, Campbell MJ (2008) Evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture in defined aspects of stroke recovery: A randomized, placebo controlled single blind study. J Neurol 255: 858–866

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu HH, Chung C, Liu TJ, Chen RC, Chen CH, Chou P, Huang WS, Lin JC, Tsuei JJ (1993) A randomized controlled trial on the treatment for acute partical ischemic stroke with acupuncture. Neuroepidemiology 12: 106–113

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang J, Upadhyay UM, Tamargo RJ (2006) Inflammation in stroke and focal cerebral ischemia. Surg Neurol 66: 232–234

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huo ZJ, Zhang L, Qian RQ (2003) Effects of electroacupuncture of different acupoint groups on blood TNF-α, IL-6, WBC and cerebral free radicals in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu (Acupuncture Research) 28: 94–98 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jang MH, Shin MC, Lee TH, Lim BV, Shin MS, Min BI, Kim H, Cho S, Kim EH, Kim CJ (2003) Acupuncture suppress ischemia-induced increase in c-fos expression and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region in gerbils. Neurosci Lett 347: 5–8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong HJ, Hong SH, Nam YC, Yang HS, Lyu YS, Baek SH, Lee HJ, Kim HM (2003) The effect of acupuncture on proinflammatory cytokine production in patients with chronic headache: a preliminary report. Am J Chin Med 31: 945–954

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang N, Finklestein SP, Do T, Caday CG, Charette M, Chopp M (1996) Delayed intravenous administration of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) reduces infarct volume in a model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in the rat. J Neurol Sci 139: 173–179

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang K, Zhao Z, Shui Q, Xia Z (2004) Electro-acupuncture preconditioning abrogate the elevation of c-fos and c-Jun expression in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic rat brains induced by glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker. Brain Res 998: 13–19

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jin ZQ, Cheng JS (1998 a) The effects of needling different acupoints on cortical SEP and cerebral infarction volume in rats with transient cerebral ischemia. Shanghai J Acu-Mox 17: 37–39 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jin ZQ, Cheng JS (1998 b) Effect of electro-acupuncture on nitric oxide synthase expression in rat brain after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu (Acupuncture Research) 2: 126–130 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson K, Kindgren I, Windener H, Wiklund I, Johansson BB (1993) Can sensory stimulation improve the functional outcome in stroke patients? Neurology 43: 2189–2192

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson BB, Haker E, Arbin M, Britton M, Langstrom G, Terent A, Ursing D, Asplund K (2001) Acupuncture and transcutaneous nerve stimulation in stroke rehabilitation: A randomized, controlled trial. Stroke 32: 707–713

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kagitani F, Uchida S, Hotta H, Sato A (2000) Effects of nicotine on blood flow and delayed neuronal death following intermittent transient ischemia in hat hippocampus. Jpn J Physiol 50: 585–595

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM (2000) Principles of Neural Science. 4th edn. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim EH, Chung JH, Kim CJ (2001 a) Auricular acupuncture increases cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of Sprague-Dawley rats. Acupunct Electrother Res 26: 187–194

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim EH, Kim YJ, Lee HJ, Huh Y, Chung JH, Seo JC, Kang JE, Lee HJ, Yim SV, Kim CJ (2001 b) Acupuncture increases cell proliferation in dentate gyrus after transient global ischemia in gerbils. Neurosci Lett 297: 21–24

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiyota Y, Takami K, Iwane M, Shino A, Miyamoto M, Tsukuda R, Nagaoka A (1991) Increase in basic fibroblast growth factor-like immunoreactivity in rat brain after forebrain ischemia. Brain Res 545: 322–328

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JD, Chon JS, Jeong HK, Kim HJ, Yun M, Kim DY, Kim DI, Park CI, Yoo HS (2003) The cerebrovascular response to traditional acupuncture after stroke. Neuroradiology 45: 780–784

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li HL (1996) Clinical observation of the efficacy of hemiplegia patients under acupuncture combined with rehabilitative treatment. Zhong Guo Zhe Jiu (Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion) 10: 3 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li R, Guo JC, Cheng JS (2002) Protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and electroacupuncture on neurons against cerebral ischemia. Sheng Li Xue Bao (Acta Physiologica Sinica) 54: 321–324 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li R, Guo JC, Cheng JS (2003) Effect of electroacupuncture on neuronal death induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and its mechanisms. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu (Acupuncture Research) 28: 10–16 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu YZ, Yang JS (1999) Clinical observation on stroke induced paralysis treated by acupuncture. Zhong Guo ZhenJiu (Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion) 2: 69–71 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Lu JB, Ye ZR (2006) Permeability of injured blood brain barrier for exogenous bFGF and protection mechanism of bFGF in rat brain ischemia. Neuropathology 26: 257–266

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu W, Mukherjee M, Sun C, Liu H, McPeak LK (2008) Electroacupuncture may help motor recovery in chronic stroke survivors: a pilot study. J Rehabil Res Dev 45: 587–595

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Longa EZ, Weinstein PR, Carlson S, Cummins R (1989) Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats. Stroke 20: 84–91

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lu SK (1991) Evaluation of the acupuncture treatment on stroke induced hemiplegia. Zhong Yi Za Zhi 10: 49 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo Y, Zhou BH (1994) Effect of electro-acupuncture on ultrastructure on the brain tissues and regional cortical blood flow of experimental cerebral ischemia rats. Acta Universitats Scientiae Medicinae Chongqing 1: 6–11 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma MC, Qian H, Ghassemi F, Zhao P, Xia Y (2005) Oxygen-sensitive {delta}-opioid receptor-regulated survival and death signals: Novel insights into neuronal preconditioning and protection. J Biol Chem 280: 16208–16218. Epub 2005 Feb 1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moon SK, Whang YK, Park SU, Ko CN, Kim YS, Bae HS, Cho KH (2003) Antispastic effect of electroacupuncture and moxibustion in stroke patients. Am J Chin Med 31: 467–674

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naeser MA (1997) Neurological rehabilitation: acupuncture and laser acupuncture to treat paralysis in stroke and other paralytic conditions and pain in carpal tunnel syndrome. NIH Consensus Development Conference on Acupuncture Program and Abstracts. pp 93–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Naeser MA, Alexander MP, Stiassny-Eder D (1992) Real vs sham-acupuncture in the treatment of paralysis in acute stroke patients: A CT scan lesion site study. Neurol Rehab 6: 163–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Naeser MA, Alexander MP, Stiassny-Eder D, Galler V, Bachman D (1994) Acupuncture in the treatment of paralysis in chronic and acute stroke patients: Improvement correlated with specific CT scan lesion sites. Acupunct Electrother Res 19: 227–249

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • NIH Consensus Development Panel on Acupuncture (1982) Acupuncture. JAMA. 280: 1518–1524

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ouyang W, Huang YL, Da CD, Cheng JS (1999) EA reduces rat’s neuronal ischemic injury and enhances the expression of basic fibroblast growth factors. Acupunct Electrother Res 24: 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouyang W, Han L, Da CD, Huang YL, Cheng JS (2001) Influence of acupuncture upon expressing levels of basic fibroblast growth factor in rat brain following focal cerebral ischemia—Evaluated by time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay. Neurol Res 23: 47–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pang J, Itano T, Sumitani K, Negi T, Miyamoto O (2003) Electroacupuncture attenuates both glutamate release and hyperemia after transient ischemia in gerbils. Am J Chin Med 31: 295–303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park J, Hopwood V, White AR, Ernst E (2001) Effectiveness of acupuncture for stroke: A systematic review. J Neurol 248: 558–563

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peng YJ, Zhou F, Gu J, Yang R, Yang YQ, Cheng JS, Guo JC (2007) Regulative effect of electroacupuncture on aquaporin-4 in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu (Acupuncture Research) 32: 83–87 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rallidis LS, Vikelis M, Panagiotakos DB, Rizos I, Zolindaki MG, Kaliva K, Kremastinos DT (2006) Inflammatory markers and in-hospital mortality in acute ischaemic stroke. Atherosclerosis 189: 193–197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roda JM, Carceller F, Díez-Tejedor E, Avendaño C (1995) Reduction of infarct size by intraarterial nimodipine administered at reperfusion in a rat model of partially reversible brain focal ischemia. Stroke 26: 1888–1892

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubattu S, Speranza R, Ferrari M, Evangelista A, Beccia M, Stanzione R, Assenza GE, Volpe M, Rasura M (2005) A role of TNF-alpha gene variant on juvenile ischemic stroke: A case-control study. Eur J Neurol 12: 989–993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sallstrom S, Kjendahl A, Ostern PE (1996) Acupuncture therapy in stroke during the subacute phase: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 4: 193–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schabitz WR, Sommer C, Zoder W, Kiessling M, Schwaninger M, Schwab S (2000) Intravenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor reduces infarct size and counterregulates Bax and Bcl-2 expression after temporary focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 31: 2212–2217

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schabitz WR, Berger C, Kollmar R, Seitz M, Tanay E, Kiessling M, Schwab S, and Sommer C. (2004). Effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor treatment and forced arm use on functional motor recovery after small cortical ischemia. Stroke 35: 992–997.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi J (1999) A study on the effect and mechanism of acupuncture suppression of neuronal apoptosis following cerebral ischemia. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan (Progress in Physiology) 30: 326–329 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shi XM (2000) Clinical observation on stroke treated with acupuncture method “Xingnao Kaiqiao”. International Conference on Traditional Medicine (abstract): 453 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiflett SC (2001) Acupuncture and stroke rehabilitation. Stroke 32: 1934–1935

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Si QM, Wu GC, Cao XD (1998) Effects of electro-acupuncture on acute cerebral infarction. Acupunct Electrother Res 23: 117–124

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siu FKW, Lo SCL, Leung MCP (2004) EA reduces the extent of lipid peroxidation by increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in ischemic-reperfused rat brains. Neurosci Lett 354: 158–162

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sugimori H, Speller H, Finklestein SP (2001) Intravenous basic fibroblast growth factor produces a persistent reduction in infarct volume following permanent focal ischemia in rats. Neurosci Lett 300: 13–16

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sze FK, Wong E, Yi X, Woo J (2002a) Does acupuncture have additional value to standard poststroke motor rehabilitation? Stroke 33: 186–194

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sze FK, Wong E, Or KKH, Lau J, Woo J (2002b) Does acupuncture improve motor recovery after stroke? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke 33: 2604–2619

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tian XS, Zhou F, Yang R, Xia Y, Wu GC, Guo JC (2008a) Effects of intracerebroventricular injection of delta opioid receptor agonist TAN-67 or antagonist naltrindole on acute cerebral ischemia in rat. Sheng Li Xue Bao (Acta Physiologica Sinica) 60: 475–484 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tian XS, Zhou F, Yang R, Xia Y, Wu GC, Guo JC (2008b) Electroacupuncture protects the brain against acute ischemic injury via up-regulation of delta-opioid receptor in rats. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine 6: 632–638 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tian XS, Zhou F, Yang R, Xia Y, Wu GC, Guo JC (2008c) Role of intracerebral delta-opioid receptors in protecting ischemic injury in rats by cumulative electro-acupuncture. Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 42: 71–74 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Uchida S, Kagitani F, Suzuki A, Aikawa Y (2000) Effect of acupuncture-like stimulation on cortical cerebral blood flow in anesthetized rats. Jpn J Physiol 50: 495–507

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Uyama O, Matsuyama T, Michishita H, Nakamura H, Sugita M (1992) Protective effects of human recombinant superoxide dismutase on transient ischemic injury of CA1 neurons in gerbils. Stroke 23: 75–81

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang WJ (ed) (2002) Traditional Chinese Medicine. Fudan University Press, Shanghai (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang F, Jia SW (2001) Experimental study of the effect of acupuncture on rheo-encephalogram in ischemic cerebral vascular disease. Zhong Guo Zhen Jiu (Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion) 21: 250–252 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang YS, Wang J, Fan JM (1996) Effect of electroacupuncture on acute focal ischemia rats. Zhong Guo Zhen Jiu (Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion) 9: 34 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Lin SZ, Chiou AL, Williams LR, Hoffer BJ (1997) Glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor protects against ischemia-induced injury in the cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 17: 4341–4348

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang SJ, Omori N, Li F, Jin G, Zhang WR, Hamakawa Y, Sato K, Nagano I, Shoji M, Abe K (2002) Potentiation of Akt and suppression of caspase-9 activations by EA after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Neurosci Lett 331: 115–118

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waston BD, Dietrich WD, Busto R, Wachtel MS, Ginsberg MD (1985) Induction of reproducible brain infarction by photochemically initiated thrombosis. Ann Neurol 17: 497–504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei GW, Huang YL, Wu GC, Cao XD (2000) Regulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression by EA after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Acupunct Electrother Res 25: 81–90

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wei L, Yu SP, Gottron F, Snider BJ, Zipfei GJ, Choi DW (2003) Potassium channel blockers attenuate hypoxia-and ischemia-induced neuronal death in vitro and in vivo. Stroke 34: 1281–1286

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wong AMK, Su T, Tang F, Cheng P, Liaw M (1999) Clinical Trial of electrical acupuncture on hemiplegic stroke patients. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 78: 117–122

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu XD, Du LN, Wu GC, Cao XD (2001) Effects of electroacupuncture on blood-brain barrier after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rat. Acupunct Electrother Res 26: 1–9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xia Y, Guo JC, Cheng JS (2003) Taurine depletion could reduce the neuroprotective effects of electroacupuncture against brain ischemia. Chin J Neurosci 19: 32–35

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiang Y, Shi JK (2001) Analysis of clinical trials published in recent decade on the effect of acupuncture on stroke-induced hemiplegia. Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine 8: 91–92 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Xing YL, Yao FL, Du YY (1994) Effect of acupuncture frequency on blood rheology of patients with stroke. Zhong Guo Zhen Jiu (Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion) 4: 37–38 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiong L, Yang J, Wang Q, Liu Y (2004) Cerebral ischemic tolerance induced by repeated electroacupuncture involved delta-opioid receptor and enkephalin in rats. Anesthesiology 101: A767

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiong LZ, Yang J, Wang Q, Lu ZH (2007) Involvement of delta-and mu-opioid receptors in the delayed cerebral ischemic tolerance induced by repeated electroacupuncture preconditioning in rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 120: 394–399

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu NG, Zhou YP, Xu GS, Wang YL, Yang F (2001) Effect of GV meridian acupoint electroacupuncture on cerebral blood flow and brain electricity in ischemic rat. Chinese Journal of Traditional Medical Science and Technology 8: 3–4 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu ZF, Wu GC, Cao XD (2002) Effect of EA on the expression of interlukin-1-mRNA after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Acupunct Electrother Res 27: 29–35

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang YQ, Wang Q, Wang WF (1984) Changes of rheo-encephalogram of patients with stroke under acupuncture treatment. Shanghai J Aup-Mox 2: 2 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang ZJ, Shen DH, Guo X, Sun FY (2005) Electroacupuncture enhances striatal neurogenesis in adult rat brains after a transient cerebral middle artery occlusion. Acupunct Electrother Res 30: 185–199

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ying SX, Cheng JS (1994a) Effects of electro-acupuncture on EEG during transient global ischemia and reperfusion in gerbils. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu (Acupuncture Research) 19: 29–32 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ying SX, Cheng JS (1994b) Role of excitatory amino acids in the neuroprotective effect of electro-acupuncture on ischemic neuronal damage. Acta Academiae Medicinae Shanghai 21(suppl): 102–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Ying SX, Cheng JS (1994c) Effect of EA on c-fos expression in gerbil hippocampus during transient global ischemia. Acupunct Electrother Res 19: 207–213

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yu SP, Yeh CH, Sensi SL, Gwag BJ, Canzoniero LM, Farhangrazi ZS, Ying HS, Tian M, Dugan LL, Choi DW (1997) Mediation of neuronal apoptosis by enchancement of outward potassium current. Sciences 278: 114–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaremba J, Losy J (2001) Early TNF-alpha levels correlate with ischaemic stroke severity. Acta Neurol Scand 104: 288–295

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang JH, Haddad GG, Xia Y (2000) δ-opioid receptor expression is differentially regulated in cortical neurons depending on hypoxic duration. Soc Neurosci Abstracts 26: 772

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang JH, Gibney GT, Xia Y (2002) Neuroprotective role of delta-opioid receptors in cortical neurons. Am J Physiol (Cell Physiol) 282: C1225–C1234

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Qian H, Zhao P, Hong SS, Xia Y (2006) Rapid hypoxia preconditioning protects cortical neurons from glutamate Toxicity Through δ-Opioid Receptor. Stroke 37: 1094–1099

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao P, Cheng JS (1997) Effects of EA on extracellular contents of amino acid neurotransmitters in rat striatum following transient focal cerebral ischemia. Acupunct Electrother Res 22: 119–126

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao P, Huang ZN, Chen G, Cheng JS (2000) Electro-acupuncture attenuates nitric oxide release from rat striatum after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Acupunct Electrother Res 25: 101–107

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao P, Guo JC, Xia Y, Hong SS, Bazzy-Asaad A, Cheng JS, Xia Y (2002) Electroacupuncture and brain protection from cerebral ischemia: The role of delta-opioid receptor. Soc Neurosci Abstr 28: 736

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou F, Guo JC, Yang R, Cheng JS, Wu GC, Xia Y (2007a) Electro-acupuncture increases cerebral blood flow and protects the rat brain from ischemic injury. The Proceedings of 2007 World Stress Congress. p 249

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou F, Guo JC, Cheng JS, Wu GC, Xia Y (2007b) Electro-acupuncture and brain protection from cerebral ischemia: Differential roles of acupoints. The Proceedings of 2007 World Stress Congress. p 249

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou F, Guo JC, Cheng JS, Wu GC, Xia Y (2007c) Electro-acupuncture induced protection from cerebral ischemia is dependent on stimulation intensity and frequency. The Proceedings of 2007 World Stress Congress. p 250

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu M, Li MW, Tian XS, Ou XM, Zhu CQ, Guo JC (2008) Neuroprotective role of delta-opioid receptors against mitochondria respiratory chain injury. Brain Res doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.11.030

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China

    Jingchun Guo & Jieshi Cheng

  2. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA

    Ying Xia

  3. Shanghai Research Center for Acupuncture and Meridians, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China

    Ying Xia

Authors
  1. Jingchun Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jieshi Cheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ying Xia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA

    Ying Xia

  2. State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China

    Xiaoding Cao , Gencheng Wu  & Jieshi Cheng ,  & 

  3. Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China

    Xiaoding Cao , Gencheng Wu  & Jieshi Cheng ,  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Tsinghua University Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Guo, J., Cheng, J., Xia, Y. (2010). Acupuncture Therapy for Stroke. In: Xia, Y., Cao, X., Wu, G., Cheng, J. (eds) Acupuncture Therapy for Neurological Diseases. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10857-0_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10857-0_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-10855-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-10857-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation