Skip to main content

Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Keratinocytic Tumors

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Skin Cancer - A World-Wide Perspective

Abstract

Malignant cutaneous tumors characterized by bands, cords, nests, islands, or buds of basaloid cells.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

Basal Cell Carcinoma

  1. Montgomery: Basal squamous cell epithelioma. Arch. Dermatol. Syphilol. 18, 50–73 (1928)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Karpozilos, A., Pavlidis, N.: The treatment of cancer in Greek antiquity. Eur. J. Cancer 40(14), 2033–2040 (2004)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Jacob, A.: An ulcer of peculiar character, which attacks the eye-lids and other parts of the face. Dublin Hosp. Rep. 4, 232–239 (1827)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Weinstock, M.A., et al.: Nonmelanoma skin cancer mortality. A population-based study. Arch. Dermatol. 127(8), 1194–1197 (1991)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Garner, K.L., Rodney, W.M.: Basal and squamous cell carcinoma. Prim. Care 27(2), 447–458 (2000)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Rogers, H.W., et al.: Incidence Estimate of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in the United States, 2006. Arch Dermatol. 146(3), 283–287 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cancer.org. Cancer Org. [cited]; Available from: WWW.CANCER.ORG.

  8. Crowson, A.N.: Basal cell carcinoma: biology, morphology and clinical implications. Mod. Pathol. 19(Suppl 2), S127–S147 (2006)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Bastiaens, M.T., et al.: Differences in age, site distribution, and sex between nodular and superficial basal cell carcinoma indicate different types of tumors. J. Invest. Dermatol. 110(6), 880–884 (1998)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Stang, A., et al.: Malignant melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers in Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany: a patient- vs. diagnosis-based incidence approach. Int. J. Dermatol. 46(6), 564–570 (2007)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Scotto, J.F.T., Fraumeni, J.F.: Incidence of nonmelanocytic skin cancer in the United States. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Snow, S.N., et al.: Metastatic basal cell carcinoma. Report of five cases. Cancer 73(2), 328–335 (1994)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Chen, J.G., et al.: Cost of nonmelanoma skin cancer treatment in the United States. Dermatol. Surg. 27(12), 1035–1038 (2001)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Housman, T.S., et al.: Skin cancer is among the most costly of all cancers to treat for the Medicare population. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 48(3), 425–429 (2003)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Armstrong, B.K., Kricker, A.: The epidemiology of UV induced skin cancer. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol. 63(1–3), 8–18 (2001)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Asuquo, M.E., et al.: Basal cell carcinoma in five albino Africans from the south-eastern equatorial rain forest of Nigeria. Int. J. Dermatol. 46(7), 754–756 (2007)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Leiter, U., Garbe, C.: Epidemiology of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer–the role of sunlight. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 624, 89–103 (2008)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. van Dam, R.M., et al.: Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma of the skin in men: results from the health professionals follow-up study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 150(5), 459–468 (1999)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Gallagher, R.P., et al.: Sunlight exposure, pigmentary factors, and risk of nonmelanocytic skin cancer. I. Basal cell carcinoma. Arch. Dermatol. 131(2), 157–163 (1995)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Lear, J.T., et al.: Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma in the UK: case-control study in 806 patients. J. R. Soc. Med. 90(7), 371–374 (1997)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Marks, R.: Epidemiology of non-melanoma skin cancer and solar keratoses in Australia: a tale of self-immolation in Elysian fields. Australas. J. Dermatol. 38(Suppl 1), S26–S29 (1997)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kaidbey, K.H., et al.: Photoprotection by melanin–a comparison of black and Caucasian skin. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1(3), 249–260 (1979)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Yakubu, A., Mabogunje, O.A.: Skin cancer in Zaria, Nigeria. Trop. Doct. 25(Suppl 1), 63–67 (1995)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Yakubu, A., Mabogunje, O.A.: Skin cancer in African albinos. Acta Oncol. 32(6), 621–622 (1993)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Chuang, T.Y., et al.: Nonmelanoma skin cancer in Japanese ethnic Hawaiians in Kauai, Hawaii: an incidence report. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 33(3), 422–426 (1995)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Suarez, B., et al.: Occupation and skin cancer: the results of the HELIOS-I multicenter case-control study. BMC Public Health 7, 180 (2007)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Stone, J.L., et al.: Incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in Kauai during 1983. Hawaii Med. J. 45(8), 281–282 (1986) [erratum appears in Hawaii Med J 1986 Nov;45(11):378]

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Allen, M., McKenzie, R.: Enhanced UV exposure on a ski-field compared with exposures at sea level. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 4(5), 429–437 (2005)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Moehrle, M.: Outdoor sports and skin cancer. Clin. Dermatol. 26(1), 12–15 (2008)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ron, E., et al.: Skin tumor risk among atomic-bomb survivors in Japan. Cancer Causes Control 9(4), 393–401 (1998)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Zak-Prelich, M., Narbutt, J., Sysa-Jedrzejowska, A.: Environmental risk factors predisposing to the development of basal cell carcinoma. Dermatol. Surg. 30(2 Pt 2), 248–252 (2004)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Durrani, A.J., Miller, R.J., Davies, M.: Basal cell carcinoma arising in a laparoscopic port site scar at the umbilicus. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 116(1), 348–350 (2005)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Gurel, M.S., et al.: Basal cell carcinoma in a leishmanial scar. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 30(4), 444–445 (2005)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Kowal-Vern, A., Criswell, B.K.: Burn scar neoplasms: a literature review and statistical analysis. Burns 31(4), 403–413 (2005)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Harris, R.B., Griffith, K., Moon, T.E.: Trends in the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers in southeastern Arizona, 1985–1996. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 45(4), 528–536 (2001)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Karagas, M.R., et al.: Increase in incidence rates of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancer in New Hampshire, USA. New Hampshire Skin Cancer Study Group. Int. J. Cancer 81(4), 555–559 (1999)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. English, D.R., et al.: Incidence of non-melanocytic skin cancer in Geraldton, Western Australia. Int. J. Cancer 73(5), 629–633 (1997)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Green, A., et al.: Skin cancer in a subtropical Australian population: incidence and lack of association with occupation. The Nambour Study Group. Am. J. Epidemiol. 144(11), 1034–1040 (1996)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Levi, F., et al.: Trends in skin cancers in the Vaud canton, 1976–1992. Rev. Méd. Suisse Romande 115(10), 739–746 (1995)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Hannuksela-Svahn, A., Pukkala, E., Karvonen, J.: Basal cell skin carcinoma and other nonmelanoma skin cancers in Finland from 1956 through 1995. [see comment]. Arch. Dermatol. 135(7), 781–786 (1999)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Omari, A.K., Khammash, M.R., Matalka, I.: Skin cancer trends in northern Jordan. Int. J. Dermatol. 45(4), 384–388 (2006)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Hayes, R.C., et al.: Incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in New Brunswick, Canada, 1992 to 2001. J. Cutan. Med. Surg. 11(2), 45–52 (2007)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Lacour, J.P.: Carcinogenesis of basal cell carcinomas: genetics and molecular mechanisms. Br. J. Dermatol. 146(Suppl 61), 17–19 (2002)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Halliday, G.M.: Inflammation, gene mutation and photoimmunosuppression in response to UVR-induced oxidative damage contributes to photocarcinogenesis. Mutat. Res. 571(1–2), 107–120 (2005)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Derry, W.B., Putzke, A.P., Rothman, J.H.: Caenorhabditis elegans p53: role in apoptosis, meiosis, and stress resistance. Science 294(5542), 591–595 (2001)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kogerman, P., et al.: Alternative first exons of PTCH1 are differentially regulated in vivo and may confer different functions to the PTCH1 protein. Oncogene 21(39), 6007–6016 (2002)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Xie, J., et al.: Activating Smoothened mutations in sporadic basal-cell carcinoma. Nature 391(6662), 90–92 (1998)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Scrivener, Y., Grosshans, E., Cribier, B.: Variations of basal cell carcinomas according to gender, age, location and histopathological subtype. Br. J. Dermatol. 147(1), 41–47 (2002)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Hood, A.F., Kwan, T.H., Mihm, M.C., et al.: Primer of Dermatopathology, 3rd edn. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philidelphia (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Bolognia, J.L., Jorizzo, J.L., Rapini, R.P.: Dermatology, vol. 2, 2nd edn. Mosby/Elsevier, Philadelphia (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Kirkham, N.: Lever’s Histopathology of the Skin, 8th edn. Lippincott-Raven, Philidelphia (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Nouri, K. (ed) Skin Cancer. McGraw-Hill. New York. (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Sachs, D.L., Marghoob, A.A., Halpern, A.: Skin cancer in the elderly. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 17(4), 715–38 (2001)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Wrone, D.A., et al.: Increased proportion of aggressive-growth basal cell carcinoma in the Veterans Affairs population of Palo Alto, California. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 35(6), 907–910 (1996)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Goldberg, L.H., Leis, P., Pham, H.N.: Basal cell carcinoma on the neck. Dermatol. Surg. 22(4), 349–353 (1996)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Ramdial, P.K., et al.: bcl-2 protein expression in aggressive and non-aggressive basal cell carcinomas. J. Cutan. Pathol. 27(6), 283–291 (2000)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Zagrodnik, B., et al.: Superficial radiotherapy for patients with basal cell carcinoma: recurrence rates, histologic subtypes, and expression of p53 and Bcl-2. Cancer 98(12), 2708–2714 (2003)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Farhi, D., et al.: Incomplete excision of basal cell carcinoma: rate and associated factors among 362 consecutive cases. Dermatol. Surg. 33(10), 1207–1214 (2007)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Anthouli-Anagnostopoulou, F., Hatziolou, E.: Recurrent morphean basal cell carcinoma of the skin. A clinico-histopathological study of 97 cases. Adv. Clin. Pathol. 6(1), 17–24 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Siegle, R.J., MacMillan, J., Pollack, S.V.: Infiltrative basal cell carcinoma: a nonsclerosing subtype. J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol. 12(8), 830–836 (1986)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Cohen, P.R., Schulze, K.E., Nelson, B.R.: Basal cell carcinoma with mixed histology: a possible pathogenesis for recurrent skin cancer. Dermatol. Surg. 32(4), 542–551 (2006)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Hendrix Jr., J.D., Parlette, H.L.: Duplicitous growth of infiltrative basal cell carcinoma: analysis of clinically undetected tumor extent in a paired case-control study. Dermatol. Surg. 22(6), 535–539 (1996)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Hendrix Jr., J.D., Parlette, H.L.: Micronodular basal cell carcinoma. A deceptive histologic subtype with frequent clinically undetected tumor extension. Arch. Dermatol. 132(3), 295–298 (1996)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Sexton, M., Jones, D.B., Maloney, M.E.: Histologic pattern analysis of basal cell carcinoma. Study of a series of 1039 consecutive neoplasms. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 23(6 Pt 1), 1118–1126 (1990)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Cherpelis, B.S., Marcusen, C., Lang, P.G.: Prognostic factors for metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Dermatol. Surg. 28(3), 268–273 (2002)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Martin 2nd, R.C., et al.: Basosquamous carcinoma: analysis of prognostic factors influencing recurrence. Cancer 88(6), 1365–1369 (2000)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Garcia, C., Poletti, E., Crowson, A.N.: Basosquamous carcinoma. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1(60), 137–143 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Maloney, M.L.: What is basosquamous carcinoma? Dermatol. Surg. 26(5), 505–506 (2000)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Bowman, P.H.: Basosquamous carcinoma. Dermatol. Surg. 29(8), 830–832 (2003). discussion 833

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Sendur, N., et al.: Cutaneous basosquamous carcinoma infiltrating cerebral tissue. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 18(3), 334–336 (2004)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. de Faria, J.L., Navarrete, M.A.: The histopathology of the skin basal cell carcinoma with areas of intermediate differentiation. A metatypical carcinoma? Pathol. Res. Pract. 187(8), 978–985 (1991)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Barnes, L., et al.: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 105(1), 75–82 (1996)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Saldanha, G., Fletcher, A., Slater, D.N.: Basal cell carcinoma: a dermatopathological and molecular biological update. Br. J. Dermatol. 148(2), 195–202 (2003)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Walsh, N., Ackerman, A.B.: Infundibulocystic basal cell carcinoma: a newly described variant. Mod. Pathol. 3(5), 599–608 (1990)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Kelly, S.C., Ermolovich, T., Purcell, S.M.: Nonsyndromic segmental multiple infundibulocystic basal cell carcinomas in an adolescent female. Dermatol. Surg. 32(9), 1202–1208 (2006) [erratum appears in Dermatol. Surg. 2006 Oct;32(10):1308]

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Pinkus, H.: Epithelial and fibroepithelial tumors. Arch. Dermatol. 91, 24–37 (1965)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Bowen, A.R., LeBoit, P.E.: Fibroepithelioma of pinkus is a fenestrated trichoblastoma. Am. J. Dermatopathol. 27(2), 149–154 (2005)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Heenan, P.J., Bogle, M.S.: Eccrine differentiation in basal cell carcinoma. J. Investig. Dermatol. 100(3), 295S–299S (1993)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Sakamoto, F., et al.: Basal cell tumor with apocrine differentiation: apocrine epithelioma. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 13(2 Pt 2), 355–363 (1985)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Oliver, G.F., Winkelmann, R.K.: Clear-cell, basal cell carcinoma: histopathological, histochemical, and electron microscopic findings. J. Cutan. Pathol. 15(6), 404–408 (1988)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Aloi, F.G., Molinero, A., Pippione, M.: Basal cell carcinoma with matrical differentiation. Matrical carcinoma. Am. J. Dermatopathol. 10(6), 509–513 (1988)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Misago, N., Satoh, T., Narisawa, Y.: Cornification (keratinization) in Basal cell carcinoma: a histopathological and immunohistochemical study of 16 cases. J. Dermatol. 31(8), 637–650 (2004)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Takemoto, S., et al.: Giant basal cell carcinoma: improvement in the quality of life after extensive resection. Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Hand Surg. 37(3), 181–185 (2003)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Sahl Jr., W.J., Snow, S.N., Levine, N.S.: Giant basal cell carcinoma. Report of two cases and review of the literature. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 30(5 Pt 2), 856–859 (1994)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Randle, H.W.: Basal cell carcinoma. Identification and treatment of the high-risk patient. Dermatol. Surg. 22(3), 255–261 (1996)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Kokavec, R., Fedeles, J.: Giant basal cell carcinomas: a result of neglect? Acta Chir. Plast. 46(3), 67–69 (2004)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Maloney, M.E., Jones, D.B., Sexton, F.M.: Pigmented basal cell carcinoma: investigation of 70 cases. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 27(1), 74–78 (1992)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Solyemani, A.D., et al.: Metastatic basal cell carcinoma presenting with unilateral upper extremity edema and lymphatic spread. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 59(2), s1–s3 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  89. Snow, S.N., et al.: Metastatic basal cell cancer. Report of five cases. Cancer 73, 328–335 (1994)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Von Hoff, D.D., et al.: Inhibition of the hedgehog pathway in advanced basal-cell carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 361(12), 1164–1172 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

  1. Pott, P.: Chirurgical Observations Relative to the Cataract, the Polypus of the Nose, the Cancer of the Scrotum, and Different Kinds of Ruptures, and Mortification of the Toes and Feet. L. Hawes, W.Clarke and R. Collins. London (1775)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Waterhouse, J.A.: Cutting oils and cancer. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 14(2), 161–170 (1971)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Horton, C.E., et al.: The malignant potential of burn scar. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Transplant. Bull. 22(4), 348–353 (1958)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Hutchinson, J.: Arsenic cancer. Br. Med. J. 2, 1280–1281 (1887)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Traenkle, H.: X-ray induced skin cancer in man. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 10, 423–432 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dabski, K., Stoll Jr., H.L.: Skin cancer caused by grenz rays. J. Surg. Oncol. 31(2), 87–93 (1986)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Garner, K.L., Rodney, W.M.: Basal and squamous cell carcinoma. Prim. Care 27(2), 447–458 (2000)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Cancer.org. Cancer Org. [cited]; Available from: WWW.CANCER.ORG.

  9. Rogers, H.W., et al.: Incidence Estimate of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in the United States, 2006. Arch Dermatol. 146(3), 283–287 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Crowson, A.N.: Basal cell carcinoma: biology, morphology and clinical implications. Mod. Pathol. 19(Suppl 2), S127–S147 (2006)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Demers, A.A., et al.: Trends of nonmelanoma skin cancer from 1960 through 2000 in a Canadian population. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 53(2), 320–328 (2005)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Miller, D.L., Weinstock, M.A.: Nonmelanoma skin cancer in the United States: incidence. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 30(5 Pt 1), 774–778 (1994)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Diepgen, T.L., Mahler, V.: The epidemiology of skin cancer. Br. J. Dermatol. 146(Suppl 61), 1–6 (2002)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Stang, A., et al.: Malignant melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers in Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany: a patient- vs. diagnosis-based incidence approach. Int. J. Dermatol. 46(6), 564–570 (2007)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Weinberg, A.S., Ogle, C.A., Shim, E.K.: Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: an update. Dermatol. Surg. 33(8), 885–899 (2007)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Snow, S.N., et al.: Metastatic basal cell carcinoma. Report of five cases. Cancer 73(2), 328–335 (1994)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Chen, J.G., et al.: Cost of nonmelanoma skin cancer treatment in the United States. Dermatol. Surg. 27(12), 1035–1038 (2001)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Housman, T.S., et al.: Skin cancer is among the most costly of all cancers to treat for the Medicare population. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 48(3), 425–429 (2003)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Armstrong, B.K., Kricker, A.: The epidemiology of UV induced skin cancer. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol. 63(1–3), 8–18 (2001)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gray, D.T., et al.: Trends in the population-based incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin first diagnosed between 1984 and 1992. Arch. Dermatol. 133(6), 735–740 (1997)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Giles, G.G., Marks, R., Foley, P.: Incidence of non-melanocytic skin cancer treated in Australia. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.) 296(6614), 13–17 (1988)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kaidbey, K.H., et al.: Photoprotection by melanin–a comparison of black and Caucasian skin. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1(3), 249–260 (1979)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Gallagher, R.P., et al.: Sunlight exposure, pigmentary factors, and risk of nonmelanocytic skin cancer. I. Basal cell carcinoma. Arch. Dermatol. 131(2), 157–163 (1995)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Jensen, P., et al.: Skin cancer in kidney and heart transplant recipients and different long-term immunosuppressive therapy regimens.[see comment]. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 40(2 Pt 1), 177–186 (1999)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Suarez, B., et al.: Occupation and skin cancer: the results of the HELIOS-I multicenter case-control study. BMC Public Health 7, 180 (2007)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Stone, J.L., et al.: Incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in Kauai during 1983. Hawaii Med. J. 45(8), 281–282 (1986) [erratum appears in Hawaii Med. J. 1986 Nov;45(11):378]

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Chuang, T.Y., et al.: Nonmelanoma skin cancer in Japanese ethnic Hawaiians in Kauai, Hawaii: an incidence report. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 33(3), 422–426 (1995)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Allen, M., McKenzie, R.: Enhanced UV exposure on a ski-field compared with exposures at sea level. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 4(5), 429–437 (2005)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Moehrle, M.: Outdoor sports and skin cancer. Clin. Dermatol. 26(1), 12–15 (2008)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. De Hertog, S.A., et al.: Relation between smoking and skin cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 19(1), 231–238 (2001)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Gallagher, R.P., et al.: Chemical exposures, medical history, and risk of squamous and basal cell carcinoma of the skin. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 5(6), 419–424 (1996)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Everall, J.D., Dowd, P.M.: Influence of environmental factors excluding ultra violet radiation on the incidence of skin cancer. Bull. Cancer 65(3), 241–247 (1978)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Masini, C., et al.: Evidence for the association of human papillomavirus infection and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in immunocompetent individuals. Arch. Dermatol. 139(7), 890–894 (2003)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Karagas, M.R., et al.: Human papillomavirus infection and incidence of squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas of the skin. [see comment]. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 98(6), 389–395 (2006)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Harris, R.B., Griffith, K., Moon, T.E.: Trends in the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers in southeastern Arizona, 1985–1996. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 45(4), 528–536 (2001)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Karagas, M.R., et al.: Increase in incidence rates of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancer in New Hampshire, USA. New Hampshire Skin Cancer Study Group. Int. J. Cancer 81(4), 555–559 (1999)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. English, D.R., et al.: Incidence of non-melanocytic skin cancer in Geraldton, Western Australia. Int. J. Cancer 73(5), 629–633 (1997)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Green, A., et al.: Skin cancer in a subtropical Australian population: incidence and lack of association with occupation. The Nambour Study Group. Am. J. Epidemiol. 144(11), 1034–1040 (1996)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Levi, F., et al.: Trends in skin cancers in the Vaud canton, 1976–1992. Rev. Méd. Suisse Romande 115(10), 739–746 (1995)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Hannuksela-Svahn, A., Pukkala, E., Karvonen, J.: Basal cell skin carcinoma and other nonmelanoma skin cancers in Finland from 1956 through 1995.[see comment]. Arch. Dermatol. 135(7), 781–786 (1999)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Omari, A.K., Khammash, M.R., Matalka, I.: Skin cancer trends in northern Jordan. Int. J. Dermatol. 45(4), 384–388 (2006)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Hayes, R.C., et al.: Incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in New Brunswick, Canada, 1992 to 2001. J. Cutan. Med. Surg. 11(2), 45–52 (2007)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Nataraj, A.J., Trent II, J.C., Ananthaswamy, H.N.: p53 gene mutations and photocarcinogenesis. Photochem. Photobiol. 62(2), 218–230 (1995)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Shields, J.M., et al.: Understanding Ras: ‘it ain’t over ‘til it’s over’. Trends Cell Biol. 10(4), 147–154 (2000)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Pierceall, W.E., et al.: Ras gene mutation and amplification in human nonmelanoma skin cancers. Mol. Carcinog. 4(3), 196–202 (1991)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Spencer, J.M., et al.: Activated ras genes occur in human actinic keratoses, premalignant precursors to squamous cell carcinomas. Arch. Dermatol. 131(7), 796–800 (1995)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Lazarov, M., et al.: CDK4 coexpression with Ras generates malignant human epidermal tumorigenesis. Nat. Med. 8(10), 1105–1114 (2002)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Dajee, M., et al.: NF-kappaB blockade and oncogenic Ras trigger invasive human epidermal neoplasia.[see comment]. Nature 421(6923), 639–643 (2003)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Brash, D.E., et al.: A role for sunlight in skin cancer: UV-induced p53 mutations in squamous cell carcinoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88(22), 10124–10128 (1991)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Bolshakov, S., et al.: p53 mutations in human aggressive and nonaggressive basal and squamous cell carcinomas. Clin. Cancer Res. 9(1), 228–234 (2003)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Campbell, C., et al.: p53 mutations are common and early events that precede tumor invasion in squamous cell neoplasia of the skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 100(6), 746–748 (1993)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Ziegler, A., et al.: Sunburn and p53 in the onset of skin cancer.[see comment]. Nature 372(6508), 773–776 (1994)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Quinn, A.G., Sikkink, S., Rees, J.L.: Delineation of two distinct deleted regions on chromosome 9 in human non-melanoma skin cancers. Genes Chromosom. Cancer 11(4), 222–225 (1994)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Saridaki, Z., et al.: Mutational analysis of CDKN2A genes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Br. J. Dermatol. 148(4), 638–648 (2003)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Kreimer-Erlacher, H., et al.: High frequency of ultraviolet mutations at the INK4a-ARF locus in squamous cell carcinomas from psoralen-plus-ultraviolet-A-treated psoriasis patients. J. Invest. Dermatol. 120(4), 676–682 (2003)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Mortier, L., et al.: Progression of actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma of the skin correlates with deletion of the 9p21 region encoding the p16(INK4a) tumor suppressor. Cancer Lett. 176(2), 205–214 (2002)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Johnson, W.C., Helwig, E.B.: Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma (adenoacanthoma). A clinicopathologic study of 155 patients. Cancer 19(11), 1639–1650 (1966)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Nappi, O., Pettinato, G., Wick, M.R.: Adenoid (acantholytic) squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. J. Cutan. Pathol. 16(3), 114–121 (1989)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Nappi, O., et al.: Pseudovascular adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. A neoplasm that may be mistaken for angiosarcoma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 16(5), 429–438 (1992)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Cherpelis, B.S., Marcusen, C., Lang, P.G.: Prognostic factors for metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Dermatol. Surg. 28(3), 268–273 (2002)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Ikegawa, S., et al.: Vimentin-positive squamous cell carcinoma arising in a burn scar. A highly malignant neoplasm composed of acantholytic round keratinocytes. Arch. Dermatol. 125(12), 1672–1676 (1989)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Petter, G., Haustein, U.F.: Histologic subtyping and malignancy assessment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Dermatol. Surg. 26(6), 521–530 (2000)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Cassarino, D.S., Derienzo, D.P., Barr, R.J.: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a comprehensive clinicopathologic classification–part two. J. Cutan. Pathol. 33(4), 261–279 (2006)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Cassarino, D.S., Derienzo, D.P., Barr, R.J.: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a comprehensive clinicopathologic classification. Part one. J. Cutan. Pathol. 33(3), 191–206 (2006)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Schwartz, R.A.: Verrucous carcinoma of the skin and mucosa. [see comment]. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 32(1), 1–21 (1995). quiz 22–24. [erratum appears in J Am Acad Dermatol 1995 May;32(5 Pt 1):710]

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Schon, M.P., et al.: Presternal verrucous carcinoma. Hautarzt 51(10), 766–769 (2000)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Ackerman, L.: Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity. Surgery 23(4), 670–678 (1948)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Kraus, F.T., Perezmesa, C.: Verrucous carcinoma. Clinical and pathologic study of 105 cases involving oral cavity, larynx and genitalia. Cancer 19(1), 26–38 (1966)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Goethals, P.L., Harrison Jr., E.G., Devine, K.D.: Verrucous squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity. Am. J. Surg. 106, 845–851 (1963)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Kao, G.F.: Carcinoma arising in Bowen’s disease. Arch. Dermatol. 122(10), 1124–1126 (1986)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Lawrence-Brown, M.M., et al.: Carcinoma cuniculatum of the abdominal wall. Med. J. Aust. 140(11), 668–669 (1984)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Chu, Q.D., et al.: Giant condyloma acuminatum (Buschke-Lowenstein tumor) of the anorectal and perianal regions. Analysis of 42 cases. Dis. Colon Rectum 37(9), 950–957 (1994)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Pindborg, J.J., Reichart, P.A., Smith, C.J.: Histological Typing of Cancer and Precancer of the Oral Mucosa, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  74. Kossard, S., Tan, K.-B., Choy, C.: Keratoacanthoma and infundibulocystic squamous cell carcinoma. Am. J. Dermatopathol. 30(2), 127–134 (2008)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Schwartz, R.A., Blaszczyk, M., Jablonska, S.: Generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma of Grzybowski: follow-up of the original description and 50-year retrospect. Dermatology 205(4), 348–352 (2002)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Hodak, E., Jones, R.E., Ackerman, A.B.: Solitary keratoacanthoma is a squamous-cell carcinoma: three examples with metastases.[see comment]. Am. J. Dermatopathol. 15(4), 332–342 (1993). discussion 343–352

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Rinker, M.H., et al.: Histologic variants of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Cancer Control 8(4), 354–363 (2001)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Cain, C.T., Niemann, T.H., Argenyi, Z.B.: Keratoacanthoma versus squamous cell carcinoma. An immunohistochemical reappraisal of p53 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in keratoacanthoma-like tumors.[see comment]. Am. J. Dermatopathol. 17(4), 324–331 (1995)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bowen’s Disease

  1. Arbesman, H., Ransohoff, D.F.: Is Bowen’s disease a predictor for the development of internal malignancy? A methodological critique of the literature. JAMA 257, 516–518 (1987)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Cassarino, D.S., Derienzo, D.P., Barr, R.J.: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a comprehensive clinicopathologic classification–part two. J. Cutan. Pathol. 33, 261–279 (2006)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Chisiki, M., Kawada, A., Akiyama, M., Itoh, Y., Tajima, S., Ishibashi, A., Yudate, F.: Bowen’s disease showing spontaneous complete regression associated with apoptosis. Br. J. Dermatol. 40, 939–944 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chute, C.G., Chuang, T.Y., Bergstralh, E.J., Su, W.P.: The subsequent risk of internal cancer with Bowen’s disease. A population-based study. JAMA 266, 816–819 (1991)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Cox, N.H.: Body site distribution of Bowen’s disease. Br. J. Dermatol. 130, 714–716 (1994)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Cox, N.H., Eedy, D.J., Morton, C.A.: Therapy Guidelines and Audit Subcommittee, British Association of Dermatologists. Guidelines for management of Bowen’s disease: 2006 update. Br. J. Dermatol. 156, 11–21 (2007)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Goette, D.K.: Review of erythroplasia of Queyrat and its treatment. Urology 8, 311–315 (1976)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Foo, C.C., Lee, J.S., Guilanno, V., Yan, X., Tan, S.H., Giam, Y.C.: Squamous cell carcinoma and Bowen’s disease of the skin in Singapore. Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore 36, 189–193 (2007)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hansen, J.P., Drake, A.L., Walling, H.W.: Bowen’s Disease: a four-year retrospective review of epidemiology and treatment at a university center. Dermatol. Surg. 34, 878–883 (2008)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Jaeger, A.B., Gramkow, A., Hjalgrim, H., Melbye, M., Frisch, M.: Bowen disease and risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms: a population-based cohort study of 1147 patients. Arch. Dermatol. 135, 790–793 (1999)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kao, G.E.: Carcinoma arising in Bowen’s disease. Arch. Dermatol. 122, 1124–1126 (1986)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kossard, S., Rosen, R.: Cutaneous Bowen’s disease. An analysis of 1001 cases according to age, sex, and site. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 27, 406–410 (1992)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Lee, M.M., Wick, M.M.: Bowen’s disease. Clin. Dermatol. 11, 43–46 (1993)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu, H., Urabe, K., Moroi, Y., Yasumoto, S., Kokuba, H., Imafuku, S., Koga, T., Masuda, T., Aburatani, H., Furue, M., Tu, Y.: Expression of p16 and hTERT protein is associated with the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus in Bowenoid papulosis. J. Cutan. Pathol. 33, 551–558 (2006)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Masuda, T., Hara, H., Shimojima, H., Suzuki, H., Tanaka, K.: Spontaneous complete regression of multiple Bowen’s disease in the web-spaces of the feet. Int. J. Dermatol. 45, 783–785 (2006)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Miki, Y., Kawatsu, T., Matsuda, K., Machino, H., Kubo, K.: Cutaneous and pulmonary cancers associated with Bowen’s disease. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 6, 26–31 (1982)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Murata, Y., Kumano, K., Sashikata, T.: Partial spontaneous regression of Bowen’s disease. Arch. Dermatol. 132, 429–432 (1996)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Nihei, N., Hiruma, M., Ikeda, S., Ogawa, H.: A case of Bowen’s disease showing a clinical tendency toward spontaneous regression. J. Dermatol. 31, 569–572 (2004)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Obalek, S., Jablonska, S., Beaudenon, S., Walczak, L., Orth, G.: Bowenoid papulosis of the male and female genitalia: risk of cervical neoplasia. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 14, 433–444 (1986)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Park, K.C., Kim, K.H., Youn, S.W., Hwang, J.H., Park, K.H., Ahn, J.S., Kim, Y.G., Kim, S.D., Lee, D.Y., Choe, J.H., Chung, J.H., Cho, K.H.: Heterogeneity of human papillomavirus DNA in a patient with Bowenoid papulosis that progressed to squamous cell carcinoma. Br. J. Dermatol. 139, 1087–1091 (1998)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Patterson, J.W., Kao, G.F., Graham, J.H., Helwig, E.B.: Bowenoid papulosis: a clinicopathologic study with ultrastructural observations. Cancer 57, 823–836 (1986)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Reizner, G.T., Chuang, T.Y., Elpern, D.J., Stone, J.L., Farmer, E.R.: Bowen’s disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ) in Kauai, Hawaii. A population-based incidence report. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 31, 596–600 (1994)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Rüdlinger, R., Buchmann, P.: HPV 16-positive bowenoid papulosis and squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus in an HIV-positive man. Dis. Colon Rectum 32, 1042–1045 (1989)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Schwartz, R.A., Janniger, C.K.: Bowenoid papulosis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 24, 261–264 (1991)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Actinic Keratosis

  1. Heaphy Jr., M.R., Ackerman, A.B.: The nature of solar keratosis: a critical review in historical perspective. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 43(1 Pt 1), 138–150 (2000)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ackerman, A.B.: Solar keratosis is squamous cell carcinoma. Arch. Dermatol. 139(9), 1216–1217 (2003)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Fu, W., Cockerell, C.J.: The actinic (solar) keratosis: a 21st-century perspective. Arch. Dermatol. 139(1), 66–70 (2003)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Schwartz, R.A., et al.: Actinic keratosis: an occupational and environmental disorder. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 22(5), 606–615 (2008)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ulrich, M., et al.: Actinic keratoses: non-invasive diagnosis for field cancerisation. Br. J. Dermatol. 156(Suppl 3), 13–17 (2007)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Mogensen, M., Jemec, G.B.: Diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancer/keratinocyte carcinoma: a review of diagnostic accuracy of nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnostic tests and technologies. Dermatol. Surg. 33(10), 1158–1174 (2007)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ackerman, A.B., Mones, J.M.: Solar (actinic) keratosis is squamous cell carcinoma. Br. J. Dermatol. 155(1), 9–22 (2006)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Guenthner, S.T., et al.: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas consistently show histologic evidence of in situ changes: a clinicopathologic correlation. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 41(3 Pt 1), 443–448 (1999)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Roewert-Huber, J., Stockfleth, E., Kerl, H.: Pathology and pathobiology of actinic (solar) keratosis - an update. Br. J. Dermatol. 157(Suppl 2), 18–20 (2007)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Rowert-Huber, J., et al.: Actinic keratosis is an early in situ squamous cell carcinoma: a proposal for reclassification. Br. J. Dermatol. 156(Suppl 3), 8–12 (2007)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Glogau, R.G.: The risk of progression to invasive disease. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 42(1 Pt 2), 23–24 (2000)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Marks, R., Rennie, G., Selwood, T.S.: Malignant transformation of solar keratoses to squamous cell carcinoma. Lancet 1(8589), 795–797 (1988)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Fuchs, A., Marmur, E.: The kinetics of skin cancer: progression of actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma. Dermatol. Surg. 33(9), 1099–1101 (2007)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Schmook, T., Stockfleth, E.: Current treatment patterns in non-melanoma skin cancer across Europe. J. Dermatolog. Treat. 14(Suppl 3), 3–10 (2003)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Stockfleth, E., et al.: Epithelial malignancies in organ transplant patients: clinical presentation and new methods of treatment. Recent Results Cancer Res. 160, 251–258 (2002)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ulrich, C., et al.: Skin diseases in organ transplant patients. Hautarzt 53(8), 524–533 (2002)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Berhane, T., et al.: Inflammation is associated with progression of actinic keratoses to squamous cell carcinomas in humans. Br. J. Dermatol. 146(5), 810–815 (2002)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Quaedvlieg, P.J., et al.: Actinic keratosis: how to differentiate the good from the bad ones? Eur. J. Dermatol. 16(4), 335–339 (2006)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Thompson, S.C., Jolley, D., Marks, R.: Reduction of solar keratoses by regular sunscreen use. N. Engl. J. Med. 329(16), 1147–1151 (1993)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Ulrich, C., et al.: Sunscreens in organ transplant patients. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 23(6), 1805–1808 (2008)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Sengupta, S.R., Das, N.K., Datta, P.K.: Pathogenesis, clinical features and pathology of chronic arsenicosis. Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol. 74(6), 559–570 (2008)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Walvekar, R.R., et al.: Chronic arsenic poisoning: a global health issue – a report of multiple primary cancers. J. Cutan. Pathol. 34(2), 203–206 (2007)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Wong, S.S., Tan, K.C., Goh, C.L.: Cutaneous manifestations of chronic arsenicism: review of seventeen cases. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 38(2 Pt 1), 179–185 (1998)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Gupta, A.K., et al.: Keratoses in patients with psoriasis: a prospective study in fifty-two inpatients. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 23(1), 52–55 (1990)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Hassab-El-Naby, H.M., et al.: PUVA keratosis in vitiligo. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 20(8), 1013–1014 (2006)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. van Praag, M.C., et al.: PUVA keratosis. A clinical and histopathologic entity associated with an increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 28(3), 412–417 (1993)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Turner, R.J., et al.: PUVA-related punctate keratoses of the hands and feet. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 42(3), 476–479 (2000)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael B. Colgan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Colgan, M.B., Cappel, M.A., Pittelkow, M.R., Fujii, K., Terhorst, D., Stockfleth, E. (2010). Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Keratinocytic Tumors. In: Dummer, R., Pittelkow, M., Iwatsuki, K., Green, A., Elwan, N. (eds) Skin Cancer - A World-Wide Perspective. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05072-5_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05072-5_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-05071-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-05072-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics