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Analyses/Testing

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Phenolic Resins: A Century of Progress

Abstract

The characterization of phenolic resins by modern analytical techniques is detailed. Common wet chemical and ISO methods are referenced, yet the chapter’s emphasis resides in the numerous advances in instrumental techniques. For instance, the authors make a special effort to illustrate the use of GC×GC, MALLS detector in GPC, and some LC-MS and TOF-MS applications. Larger sections on NMR and IR indicate the power of these tools for analysis and also contain peak position tables. Thermal analysis techniques, including rheometry, are discussed with experimental procedures and applications. Finally, microscopy, both optical, and SEM/X-ray, with sample preparation insights, are discussed. The chapter cites 115 papers using analytical chemistry techniques in the examination of phenolic polymers.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Atomic absorption

ABES:

Automated bonding evaluation system

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

APT:

Attached proton test

CI:

Chemical ionization

CP-MAS:

Cross polarization magic angle spinning

CSCM:

Chemical shift correlation maps

DEA:

Dielectric analysis

DEPT:

Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer

DMA:

Dynamic mechanical analysis

DNPH:

Dinitrophenylhydrazine

DQF COSY:

Double quantum filtered correlated spectroscopy

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

EI:

Electron ionization

FIB:

Focused ion beam

G′:

Storage modulus

G″:

Loss modulus

GC:

Gas chromatograph(y)

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography mass spectrometry

GPC:

Gel permeation chromatography

HILIC:

Hydrophobic interaction liquid chromatography

HPLC:

High pressure liquid chromatograph(y)

HS-GC:

Headspace gas chromatography

HS-GC-MS:

Headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry

INEPT:

Insensitive nuclei enhancement by polarization transfer

IR:

Infrared

KAS:

Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose

LPF:

Lignin–phenol–formaldehyde

MALDI-TOF-MS:

Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry

MALLS:

Multi-angle laser light scattering

MDF:

Medium density fiberboard

M n :

Number average molecular weight

M w :

Weight average molecular weight

M z :

Z-average molecular weight

NIR:

Near-infrared

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

NPLC:

Normal phase liquid chromatography

OSB:

Oriented strand board

PES:

Plasma emission spectrometer

PUF:

Phenol–urea–formaldehyde

RI:

Refractive index

SEC:

Size exclusion chromatography

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

Tg:

Glass transition temperature

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

TLC:

Thin layer chromatography

TMA:

Thermal mechanical analysis

TOCSY:

Total correlation spectroscopy

TOF-MS:

Time of flight mass spectrometry

UV:

Ultraviolet

VOC:

Volatile organic compound

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank our Director of R&D, Lawrence Gollob, and our co-workers David Bir, Kari Fowler, Matthew Lindquist, and Jesse Petrella for their assistance in preparing this chapter.

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  1. Georgia Pacific Chemicals, LLC 2883 Miller Road, Decatur, GA, USA

    David Valdez & Ellen Nagy

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  1. David Valdez
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  2. Ellen Nagy
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Correspondence to David Valdez .

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  1. Pilato Consulting, Watchung Road 598, Bound Brook, 08805, USA

    Louis Pilato

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Valdez, D., Nagy, E. (2010). Analyses/Testing. In: Pilato, L. (eds) Phenolic Resins: A Century of Progress. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04714-5_5

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