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An In Vitro Device for Evaluation of Cellular Response to Flows Found at the Apex of Arterial Bifurcations

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Abstract

Intracranial aneurysms (ICA) are abnormal dilations of the cerebral arteries, most commonly located at the apices of bifurcations. The ability of the arterial wall, particularly the endothelial cells forming the inner lining of the wall, to respond appropriately to hemodynamic stresses is critical to arterial health. ICA initiation is believed to be caused by a breakdown in this homeostatic mechanism leading to wall degradation. Due to the complex nature of this process, there is a need for both controlled in vitro and in vivo studies. Chung et al. developed an in vitro chamber for analyzing the response of biological cells to the hemodynamic wall shear stress fields generated by the impinging flows found at arterial bifurcations [7, 6]. Here, we build on this work and design an in vitro flow chamber that can be used to reproduce specific magnitudes of wall shear stress (WSS) and gradients of wall shear stress. Particular attention is given to reproducing spatial distributions of these functions that have been shown to induce pre-aneurysmal changes in vivo [38]. We introduce a measure of the gradient of the wall shear stress vector (WSSVG) which is appropriate for complex 3D flows and reduces to expected measures in simple 2D flows. The WSSVG is a scalar invariant and is therefore appropriate for use in constitutive equations for vessel remodeling in response to hemodynamic loads [34, 35].

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Andy Holmes of the Swanson Center for Product Innovation at the University of Pittsburgh for his valuable suggestions on the design and manufacture of the T-chamber. A number of graduates from the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science at the University of Pittsburgh have worked on an earlier version of the T-chamber as part of their senior design project and as undergraduate researchers. In particular, the authors would like to acknowledge John Barrow, Jason Larkin and David Remic [31]. A.M. Robertson would like to thank the Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Science (AICES) of the University of Aachen for a visiting professorship which she held during the period this paper was written.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA

    Zijing Zeng & Michael Durka

  2. Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Bong Jae Chung

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration (CVRR), Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA

    Anne M. Robertson

  4. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA

    Anne M. Robertson

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  1. Zijing Zeng
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  2. Bong Jae Chung
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  3. Michael Durka
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  4. Anne M. Robertson
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Correspondence to Anne M. Robertson .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany

    Rolf Rannacher

  2. Depto. Mathemática, Istituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal

    Adélia Sequeira

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Zeng, Z., Chung, B.J., Durka, M., Robertson, A.M. (2010). An In Vitro Device for Evaluation of Cellular Response to Flows Found at the Apex of Arterial Bifurcations. In: Rannacher, R., Sequeira, A. (eds) Advances in Mathematical Fluid Mechanics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04068-9_35

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