Fundamentals and Medical Applications of Neutron and Light Spectroscopy of Confined Liquids

Abstract

Fundamental and applied aspects of critical behavior of liquids at restricted geometry are discussed. The number of defining features of universality for the finite-size systems is proposed. At simultaneous implementation of all indicated characteristics, the critical behavior of the confined systems of a different nature have to be isomorphous and it must belong to the matching universality class. Using the fundamental ideas of isomorphism and universality of the critical finite-size behavior under appropriate conditions, the following applications to medical and biological systems are studied: (a) the dependence of the light molecular scattering spectrum (namely, the widths of the central Rayleigh line and Mandelstam-Brillouin components, the Landau-Placzek relation) on the temperature variable and geometrical factor in water suspensions of plasmatic membranes as well as (c) the temperature and size dependence of the width of quasi-elastic peak in neutron scattering data and the diffusion coefficient are obtained theoretically and confirmed experimentally for the water suspensions of plasmatic membranes of tumor cells. These powerful physical methods of light and neutron spectroscopy give a possibility to create a new diagnostic test for the process of tumor formation which is nowadays in course of practical evaluation. The results of application of Quasi-Elastic Slow Neutron Scattering for study of selfdiffusion of water molecules in suspensions of plasmatic membranes of tumor cells are presented. It is shown, that influence of antitumor antibiotics on Guerin’s carcinoma manifests in the notable increase of connectibility of albuminous molecules of tumor cells with the molecules of water.