Abstract
Pyramid structures and other control-enhancing mechanisms can provide a means to control legal entities with a smaller capital investment.1 An external study commissioned by the Commission examined ownership and control of companies listed in the EU as well as the range and prevalence of legally available controlenhancing mechanisms (CEMs) in them.2 The report identified 13 types of CEMs, ranging from pyramid structures and multiple voting rights to cross-holdings and shareholders’ agreements.3 According to the study, pyramid structures are the most important and widely available form of CEM in the EU.
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© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Mäntysaari, P. (2010). Chain Structures and Control. In: The Law of Corporate Finance: General Principles and EU Law. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03058-1_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03058-1_7
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Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-03057-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-03058-1
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