Abstract
The authors analyzed facial video recordings and saccadic eye movements during 1-hour simulated driving in 10 subjects. Mean cross-correlation coefficient between the visually determined facial sleepiness and the proposed index of saccade (i.e. PV/D) for 9 subjects was -0.56 and the maximum coefficient of inverse cross-correlation was 0.83. Mean cross-correlation coefficient for 6 repetitive measurements for another subject was -0.72, and the maximum was 0.84. Variation in PV/D preceded that in facial sleepiness in 13 of 15 measurements and syncronized with it in other 2 measurements. From these results, we confirmed a fair potential of the PV/D to detect decline in vigilance levels earlier than facial sleepiness. We also revealed that narrow fluctuations throughout the measurement could lead to low inverse cross-correlation below 0.60 between the two indices. Therefore experimenter should pay attention to designing the experimental procedure to ensure broad fuctuations of the subject’s vigilance levels in the measurement.
Chapter PDF
References
Ueno, H., Kaneda, M., Tsukino, M.: Development of Drowsy Detection System. In: Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems, pp. 15–20 (1994)
Ji, Q., Yang, X.: Real Time Visual Cues Extraction for Monitoring Driver Vigilance. In: Schiele, B., Sagerer, G. (eds.) ICVS 2001. LNCS, vol. 2095, pp. 107–124. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Smith, P., Shah, M., Lobo, N.V.: Determining Driver Visual Attention with One Camera. IEEE Trans. ITS 4, 205–218 (2003)
Ueno, A., Ota, Y., Takase, M., Minamitani, H.: Relationship between Vigilance Levels and Characteristics of Saccadic Eye Movement. In: 17th Ann. Int. Conf. IEEE EMBS, pp. 572–573 (1995)
Ueno, A., Ota, Y., Takase, M., Minamitani, H.: Characteristics of Visually Triggered and Internally Guided Saccade Depending on Vigilance States. IEICE Trans. Information and Systems PT 2 J81-D-II, 1411–1420 (1998) (in Japanese)
Ueno, A., Ota, Y., Takase, M., Minamitani, H.: Parametric Analysis of Saccadic Eye Movement Depending on Vigilance States. In: 18th Ann. Int. Conf. IEEE EMBS, pp. 319–320 (1996)
Ueno, A., Hashimoto, H., Takase, M., Minamitani, H.: Diurnal Variation in Vertical Saccade Dynamics. In: 4th Asia-Pacific Conf. Medical and Biological Engineering, p. 373 (1999)
Ueno, A., Tateyama, T., Takase, M., Minamitani, H.: Dynamics of Saccadic Eye Movement Depending on Diurnal Variation in Human Alertness. System and Computers in Japan 33, 95–103 (2002)
Ueno, A., Uchikawa, Y.: Relation between Human Alertness, Velocity Wave Profile of Saccade, and Performance of Visual Activities. In: 26th Ann. Int. Conf. IEEE EMBS, pp. 933–935 (2004)
Ueno, A., Sakamoto, S., Uchikawa, Y.: Relation between Dynamics of Saccade and Bit Rate for Visual Perception during Numerical Targets Comparing. IEICE Trans. Information and Systems PT 2 J87-D-II, 2062–2070 (2004) (in Japanese)
Ueno, A., Uchikawa, Y.: An Approach to Quantification of Human Alertness Using Dynamics of Saccadic Eye Movement: For an Application to Human Adaptive Mechatronics. In: 8th Int. Conf. Mechatronics. Technol., pp. 563–568 (2004)
Herscovitch, J., Broughton, R.: Sensitivity of the Stanford Sleepiness Scale to the Effects of Cumulative Partial Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Oversleeping. Sleep 4, 83–92 (1981)
Bahill, A.T., Kallman, J.S., Lieberman, J.E.: Frequency limitations of the two-point central difference differentiation algorithm. Biol. Cybern. 45, 1–4 (1982)
Komatsu, Y., Ueno, A., Hoshino, H.: Real-time discrimination of saccade and eye blink from output signal of eye movement monitor. In: 19th Ann. Conf. The Society of Life Support Technology, p. 54 (2003) (in Japanese)
Ueno, A., Kokubun, S., Uchikawa, Y.: A Prototype Real-Time System for Assessing Vigilance Levels and for Alerting the Subject with Sound Stimulation. Int. J. Assist. Robotics and Mechatronics 8, 19–27 (2007)
Kokubun, S., Ueno, A., Uchikawa, Y.: Influence of Sound Pressure Level of Beep Stimulation on Arousal Effect: Quantitative Evaluation Based on Analysis of Saccade and Electroencephalogram. Trans. SICE 44, 871–877 (2008) (in Japanese)
Kitajima, H., Numata, N., Yamamoto, K., Goi, Y.: Prediction of Automobile Driver Sleepiness: 1st Report, Rating of Sleepiness Based on Facial Expression and Examination of Effective Predictor Indexes of Sleepiness. Trans. JSME Series C 63, 3059–3066 (1997) (in Japanese)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ueno, A., Tei, S., Nonomura, T., Inoue, Y. (2009). An Analysis of Saccadic Eye Movements and Facial Images for Assessing Vigilance Levels During Simulated Driving. In: Harris, D. (eds) Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics. EPCE 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 5639. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02728-4_48
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02728-4_48
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-02727-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-02728-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)