Summary
Research on risk and industrial catastrophes question the complexity theories. Besides the concepts of complexity which lead us to reconsider concepts of risk, hazard and vulnerability, we propose to think about more practical aspects, for example the modelling of human behaviour in crisis situations. The link between concepts as critical self-organization, emergence, bifurcation, and the methods in the Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) used to model them is however difficult.
In this paper, we present ongoing analysis on the key concepts of risk science, such as hazards and catastrophes. We propose to enrich them with complex systems theories. First, we present methodological perspectives of the DAI, for example multi-agent systems, and compare them with other simulation methods used in the context of risks. Secondly, we present the MOSAIIC model (Modelling and Simulation of Industrial Accidents by Individual-Based methods) which gives possibilities to simulate the behaviour of individuals during an industrial accident. The project and the MOSAIIC model aim to explore the effects of a major industrial accident on public health. For instance, the emission and the spread of a toxic gas in an urban environment may be a serious danger for the human health. Thus we propose to study the consequences of this type of event in order to reduce the vulnerability of the populations. In the model, we emphasize both on spatial and behavioral dimensions (ie. mobility and perception of risk).
All these questions lead us to use different methodologies of analysis. For example, concerning mobility, the daily traffic can be simulated at a meso scale: a road axis for example. In that way, we aim to simulate the global dynamics of the network from the modelling of flows on arcs of the network (modulated according to the time of day and the day of week). Yet, we plan to use classical models (for instance equilibrium models) because they give an ”average image” of the flows of vehicles on the arcs. Based on this first structural mobility, it is then possible to consider ”a change of level” regarding both the representation and the analysis: if a risk occurs or if a specific context disrupts the structure. As a consequence, from a management of flows on the arc, we turn to an analysis of the individual behaviours in a multi-agent system.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bak, P.: How Nature Works. Springer, New York (1996)
Dauphiné, A.: Risques et catastrophes: observer, spatialiser, comprendre, gérer. Armand Colin, Paris (2003)
Provitolo, D.: Modélisation et simulation de catastrophe urbaine: le couplage de l’aléa et de la vulnérabilité, Actes du colloque SIRNAT, La Prévention des Risques Naturels, Orléans (2003), http://www.brgm.fr/divers/sirnatActesColl.htm
Mathieu, J.P.: Dictionnaire de physique. Masson, Paris (1991)
Holling, C.S.: Resilience ans stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4, 1–23 (1973)
Dovers, S., Handmer, J.: Uncertainty, sustainability and change. Global Environmental Change 2(4), 262–276 (1992)
Berkes, F., Folke, C.: Linking Social and Ecological Systems: Management Practices and Social Mechanisms for Building resilience. Cambridge University Press, New York (1998)
De Bruijn, K.M.: Resilience and flood risk management, a system approach applied to lowland rivers. Thése, Université de Delft (2005)
Vis, M., Klijn, F., Van Buuren, M.: Living with floods. Resilience strategies for flood risk management and multiple land use in the lower Rhine River basin. NCR-publication 10-2001. NCR, Delft, The Netherlands (2001)
Dauphiné, A., Provitolo, D.: La résilience: un concept pour la gestion des risques. Annales de géographie 654, 115–125 (2007)
Dupuis, J.P.: La panique. Les empêcheurs de tourner en rond, Paris (1991)
Provitolo, D.: A proposition for a classification of the catastrophe systems based on complexity criteria. In: 4th European Conference on Complex Systems (ECCS 2007), - EPNACS 2007 - Emergent Properties in Natural and Artificial Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany (2007), http://www-lih.univ-lehavre.fr/bertelle/epnacs2007-proceedings/provitolo4epnacs07.pdf
Langlois, P., Daudé, E.: Concepts et modélisations de la diffusion géographique. Cybergeo: Revue européenne de géographie 364 (2007), http://www.cybergeo.eu/index2898.html
Daudé, E.: Apports de la simulation multi-agents á l’étude des processus de diffusion. Cybergeo: Revue européenne de géographie 255 (2004), http://www.cybergeo.eu/index3835.html
Eubank, S., Guclu, H., Anil Kumar, V., Marathe, M., Srinivasan, A., Toroczkai, Z., Wang, N.: Modelling disease outbreaks in realistic urban social networks. Nature 429, 180–184 (2004)
Provitolo, D.: Un exemple d’effets de domino: la panique dans les catastrophes urbaines. Cybergeo: Revue européenne de géographie 328 (2005), http://www.cybergeo.eu/index2991.html
Pumain, D., Saint-Julien, T.: L’analyse spatiale: Localisation dans l’espace. Arman Colin, CURSUS Géographie, Paris (1997)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Daudé, E. et al. (2009). Spatial risks and complex systems : methodological perspectives. In: Aziz-Alaoui, M.A., Bertelle, C. (eds) From System Complexity to Emergent Properties. Understanding Complex Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02199-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02199-2_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-02198-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-02199-2
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)