Abstract
UVGI air disinfection systems that operate on airstreams have applications in hospitals, schools, commercial buildings, homes, and in many other facilities. There are two main types forced air UV disinfection systems: In-duct UV systems and stand-alone recirculation units (also called unitary UV systems). A third class of systems exist, barrier systems, which are UV fixtures placed in doorways to disinfect air passing from room-to-room, but they are relatively uncommon. The primary advantage of forced air UV disinfection systems is the ability to control and predict performance. Well designed UV air disinfection systems can produce extremely high levels of clean air.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allegra L, Blasi F, Tarsia P, Arosio C, Fagetti L, Gazzano M. 1997. A novel device for the prevention of airborne infections. J Clinical Microb 35(7):1918–1919.
ANSI. 2002. Standard method for Measuring Performance of Portable Household Electric Cord-connected Room Air Cleaner. Washington, DC: American National Standards Institute. Report nr ANSI/AHAM AC-1-2002.
ANSI. 2006. Method for Measuring Performance of Portable Household Electric Room Air Cleaner. Washington, DC: American National Standards Institute, Association of Home Appliance manufacturers. Report nr ANSI/AHAM AC-1-2006.
ASHRAE. 2001. Standard 62: Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
ASHRAE. 2003. Handbook of Applications. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
Axley JW. 1987. Indoor Air Quality Modeling. Gaithersburg, MD: NBS. Report nr NBSIR 87–3661.
Bernstein J, Bobbitt R, Levin L, Floyd R, Crandall M, Shalwitz R, Seth A, Glazman M. 2006. Health effects of ultraviolet irradiation in asthmatic children's homes. J Asthma 43:255–262.
Boyce WE, DiPrima RC. 1997. Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Buttolph LJ, Haynes H. 1950. Ultraviolet Air Sanitation. Cleveland, OH: General Electric. Report nr LD-11.
DelMundo F, McKhann CF. 1941. Effect of ultra-violet irradiation of air on incidence of infections in an infant's hospital. Am J Dis Child 61:213–225.
Demokritou P. 2001. Modeling IAQ and Building Dynamics. In: Spengler JD, Samet JM, McCarthy JF, editors. Indoor Air Quality Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Dionne J-C. 1993. Assessment of an ultraviolet air sterilizer on the incidence of childhood respiratory tract infections and day care centre indoor air quality. Indoor Environ 2:307–311.
Dols WS, Walton GN, Denton KR. 2000. CONTAMW 1.0 Users Manual. Springfield, VA: NTIS.
EPA. 2006a. Biological Inactivation Efficiency by HVAC In-Duct Ultraviolet Light Systems: Steril-Aire, Inc.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report nr EPA 600/R-06/052.
EPA. 2006b. Biological Inactivation Efficiency by HVAC In-Duct Ultraviolet Light Systems: UltravIolet Devices, Inc.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report nr EPA 600/R-06/049.
EPA. 2006c. Biological Inactivation Efficiency by HVAC In-Duct Ultraviolet Light Systems: Lumalier.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report nr EPA 600/R-06/055.
EPA. 2006d. Biological Inactivation Efficiency by HVAC In-Duct Ultraviolet Light Systems: American Ultraviolet Corp.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report nr EPA 600/R-06/054.
EPA. 2006e. Biological Inactivation Efficiency by HVAC In-Duct Ultraviolet Light Systems: Atlantic Ultraviolet Corp.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report nr EPA 600/R-06/ 051.
EPA. 2006Â f. Biological Inactivation Efficiency by HVAC In-Duct Ultraviolet Light Systems: Dust Free.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report nr EPA 600/R-06/050.
EPA. 2006Â g. Biological Inactivation Efficiency by HVAC In-Duct Ultraviolet Light Systems: Novatron, Inc.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report nr EPA 600/R-06/084.
EPA. 2006Â h. Biological Inactivation Efficiency by HVAC In-Duct Ultraviolet Light Systems: Sanuvox Technologies, Inc.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report nr EPA 600/ R-06/053.
Foarde KK, Hanley JT, Ensor DS, Roessler P. 1999. Development of a method for measuring single-pass bioaerosol removal efficiencies of a room air cleaner. Aerosol Sci Technol 30:223–234.
Foarde KK, Myers EA, Hanley JT, Ensor DS, Roessler PF. 1999a. Methodology to perform clean air delivery rate type determinations with microbiological aerosols. Aerosol Sci Technol 30:235–245.
Grimm NR, Rosaler RC. 1990. Handbook of HVAC Design. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hanley JT, D.D.Smith and D.S.Ensor. 1995. A fractional aerosol filtration efficiency test method for ventilation air cleaners. ASHRAE Transactions 101(1):97.
Heinsohn RJ. 1991. Industrial Ventilation: Principles and Practice. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IUVA. 2005. General Guideline for UVGI Air and Surface Disinfection Systems. Ayr, Ontario, Canada: International Ultraviolet Association. Report nr IUVA-G01A-2005.
Janney C, Janus M, Saubier LF, Widder J. 2000. Test Report: System Effectiveness Test of Home/Commercial Portable Room Air Cleaners.: U.S. Army Soldier, Biological Chemical Command. Report nr Contract N. SPO900-94-D-0002, Task No. 491.
Ko G, First MW, Burge HA. 2002. The characterization of upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation in inactivating airborne microorganisms. Environ Health Perspect 110(1):95–101.
Koller LR. 1965. Ultraviolet Radiation. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Kowalski WJ, Bahnfleth WP, Whittam TS. 1999. Filtration of Airborne Microorganisms: Modeling and prediction. ASHRAE Trans 105(2):4–17.
Kowalski WJ, Bahnfleth WP, Witham DL, Severin BF, Whittam TS. 2000. Mathematical modeling of UVGI for air disinfection. Quant Microbiol 2(3):249–270.
Kowalski WJ, Bahnfleth WP. 2002. MERV filter models for aerobiological applications. Air Media Summer:13–17.
Kowalski WJ, Bahnfleth WP. 2002a. Airborne-Microbe Filtration in Indoor Environments. HPAC Eng 74(1):57–69.
Kowalski WJ, Bahnfleth WP. 2003. Immune-Building Technology and Bioterrorism Defense. HPAC Eng 75 (Jan.)(1):57–62.
Kowalski WJ, Bahnfleth WP. 2004. Proposed Standards and Guidelines for UVGI Air Disinfection. IUVA News 6(1):20–25.
Kowalski WJ. 2006. Aerobiological Engineering Handbook: A Guide to Airborne Disease Control Technologies. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Kowalski WJ. 2007. Air-Treatment Systems for Controlling Hospital-Acquired Infections. HPAC Eng 79(1):28–48.
Menzies D, Popa J, Hanley JA, Rand T, Milton DK. 2003. Effect of ultraviolet germicidal lights installed in office ventilation systems on workers' health and wellbeing: double-blind multiple crossover trials. The Lancet 362(November 29):1785–1791.
Musser A. 2000. Multizone modeling as an indoor air quality design tool. Finland: Espoo.
Musser A, Palmer J, McGrattan K. 2001. Evaluation of a fast, simplified computational fluid dynamics model for solving room airflow problems. Gaithersburg, MD: NIST.
Musser A. 2001. An analysis of combined CFD and multizone IAQ model assembly issues. ASHRAE Trans 106(1):371–382.
NIST. 2002. CONTAMW: Multizone Airflow and Contaminant Transport Analysis Software. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Peccia J, Werth HM, Miller S, Hernandez M. 2001. Effects of relative humidity on the ultraviolet induced inactivation of airborne bacteria. Aerosol Sci Technol 35:728–740.
Rentschler HC, Nagy R, Mouromseff G. 1941. Bactericidal effect of ultraviolet radiation. J Bacteriol 42:745–774.
Riley RL, O'Grady F. 1961. Airborne Infection. New York: The Macmillan Company.
Riley RL, Kaufman JE. 1972. Effect of relative humidity on the inactivation of airborne Serratia marcescens by ultraviolet radiation. Appl Microbiol 23(6):1113–1120.
Robertson EC, Doyle ME, Tisdall FF, Koller LR, Ward FS. 1939. Air contamination and air sterilization. Am J Dis Child 58:1023–1037.
Robertson EC, Doyle ME, Tisdall FF, Koller LR, Ward FS. 1943. Use of ultra-violet radiation in reduction of respiratory cross-infections in a children's hospital. JAMA 121:908–914.
Rosenstern I. 1948. Control of air-borne infections in a nursery for young infants. Am J Dis Child 75:193–202.
Sauer LW, Minsk LD, Rosenstern I. 1942. Control of cross infections of respiratory tract in nursery for young infants. JAMA 118:1271–1274.
Schneider M, Schwartenberg L, Amiel JL, Cattan A, Schlumberger JR, Hayat M, deVassal F, Jasmin CL, Rosenfeld CL, Mathe G. 1969. Pathogen-free Isolation Unit – Three Years' Experience. Brit Med J 29 March:836–839.
Sommer HE, Stokes J. 1942. Studies on air-borne infection in a hospital ward. J Pediat 21:569–576.
Sparks LE. 1995. IAQ Model for Windows: Risk Version 1.0 User Manual.: US Environmental Protection Agency. Report nr EPA-600/R-96–037.
Walker CM, Ko G. 2007. Effect of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation on viral aerosols. Environ Sci Technol 41(15):5460–5465.
Walton GN. 1989. Airflow network models for element-based building airflow modeling. ASHRAE Transactions 1989:611–620.
Wells WF. 1938. Air-borne infections. Mod Hosp 51:66–69.
Wells WF. 1955. Airborne Contagion and Air Hygiene. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Wheeler SM, Ingraham HS, Hollaender A, Lill ND, Gershon-Cohen J, Brown EW. 1945. Ultra-violet light control of airborne infections in a naval training center. Am J Pub Health 35:457–468.
Yaghoubi MA, Knappmiller K, Kirkpatrick A. 1995. Numerical prediction of contaminant transport and indoor air quality in a ventilated office space. Particul Sci Technol 13:117–131.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kowalski, W. (2009). Airstream Disinfection. In: Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Handbook. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01999-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01999-9_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-01998-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-01999-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)