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Strategies for Utilizing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms for Enhanced Phosphate Uptake and Growth of Plants in the Soils of the Tropics

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Microbial Strategies for Crop Improvement

Abstract

One of the major constraints for plant productivity in tropical regions is low soil phosphate (Pi) availability. Phosphate ions are rendered unavailable for plant uptake due to adsorption onto the surface of soil minerals and precipitation by free aluminum and iron ions. In highly weathered soils, this is so intense that plant crops commonly exhibit Pi-deficiency. High rates of soluble Pi-fertilizers are employed to meet plant P demands. However, the large quantity of Pi required in order to offset the high Pi-retention capacity of the soils and the high cost associated with it makes it inaccessible to the vast majority of growers in the region. An alternative means of improving plant Pi-uptake from insoluble native and applied rock phosphate is the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. These fungi form a symbiotic association with most plants and improve the efficiency of associated plants to take up Pi from the soil solution. Other soil microorganisms commonly known as phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) can replenish soil solution Pi by solubilizing complex phosphorus compounds found in soil or added to it, mostly through the release of organic acids. In this chapter, an attempt is made to highlight the interactions of these two distinct groups of soil microorganisms and the mechanisms by which they facilitate plant available Pi and enhance plant growth in the soils of the tropics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil Microbiology Research Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia at Medellin, College of Sciences, Calle 59A No. 63-20, Medellin, Colombia, USA

    Nelson Walter Osorio

  2. University of Hawai’i at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, St. John Room 102, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, USA, 96822

    Mitiku Habte

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  1. Nelson Walter Osorio
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  2. Mitiku Habte
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Correspondence to Nelson Walter Osorio .

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  1. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Mohammad Saghir Khan

  2. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Almas Zaidi

  3. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Javed Musarrat

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Osorio, N.W., Habte, M. (2009). Strategies for Utilizing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms for Enhanced Phosphate Uptake and Growth of Plants in the Soils of the Tropics. In: Khan, M., Zaidi, A., Musarrat, J. (eds) Microbial Strategies for Crop Improvement. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01979-1_16

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