Abstract
In this chapter, we focus on a novel network architecture, UASN-MG, which has multiple surface gateways for underwater acoustic sensor networks. The surface gateways communicate with each other using surface radio and form a radio network on the water surface. Thus, two networks, an underwater acoustic network formed by underwater sensor nodes and a surface radio network formed by the surface gateways, are involved. Such a network architecture can bring about many benefits such as high throughput and energy efficiency. However, integrating multiple surface gateways into underwater acoustic sensor networks also incurs many new design challenges. In this chapter, we describe this new network architecture and its benefits in detail. Then we discuss the design challenges in this new architecture. Afterwards, three design examples are given, from different perspectives, to illustrate the techniques that cope with these challenges and optimize the network’s performance. Finally, we conclude the chapter with discussions on possible future research directions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Reference
Akyildiz, I.F., Pompili, D., Melodia, T.: Underwater acoustic sensor networks: Research challenges. Ad Hoc Networks (Elsevier) 3(3), 257–279 (2005).
Capellano, V.: Performance improvement of a 50Â km acoustic transmission through adaptive equalization and spatial diversity. In: Proceedings of Oceans, Nova Scotia, Canada (1997).
Capellano, V., Loubet, G., Jourdain, G.: Adaptive multichannel equalizer for underwater communications. In: Proceedings of Oceans, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA (1996).
Casari, P., Rossi, M., Zorzi, M.: Fountain codes and their application to broadcasting in underwater networks: Performance modeling and relevant tradeoffs. In: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Workshop on Underwater Networks (WUWNET), pp. 11–18 (2008).
Chitre, M., Shahabudeen, S., Stojanovic, M.: Underwater acoustic communication and networks: Recent advances and future challenges. Marine Technology Society Journal 42(1), 103–116 (2008).
Cui, J. H., Kong, J., Gerla, M., Zhou, S.: Challenges: Building scalable mobile underwater wireless sensor networks for aquatic applications. IEEE Network, Special Issue on Wireless Sensor Networking 20(3), 12–18 (2006).
Dubois-Ferriere, H., Estrin, D., Vetterli, M.: Packet combining in sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, pp. 102–115 (2005).
Freitag, L., Grund, M., Singh, S., Partan, J., Koski, P., Ball, K.: The WHIO micro-modem: An acoustic communications and navigation system for multiple platforms. In: Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, Vol. 2, pp. 1086–1092 (2005).
Heidemann, J., Li, Y., Syed, A., Wills, J., Ye, W.: Research challenges and applications for underwater sensor networking. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pp. 228–235 (2006).
Ibrahim, S., Cui, J. H., Ammar, R.: Surface gateway deployment for underwater sensor networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) (2007).
Jornet, J. M., Stojanovic, M., Zorzi, M.: Focused beam routing protocol for underwater acoustic networks. In: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Workshop on Underwater Networks (WUWNET), pp. 75–81 (2008).
Kaya, A., Yauchi, S.: An acoustic communication system for subsea robot. In: Proceedings of OCEANS, Vol. 3, pp. 765–770, September (1989).
Kilfoyle, D. B., Baggeroer, A. B.: The state of the art in underwater acoustic telemetry. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 5, 4–27 (2000).
Kredo, K. B. II, Mohapatra, P.: A hybrid medium access control protocol for underwater wireless networks. In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Underwater Networks (WUWNET), pp. 33–40 (2007).
Leung, R., Liu, J., Poon, E., Chan, A. L. C., Li, B.: MP-DSR: A QoS-aware multi-path dynamic source routing protocol for wireless ad-hoc networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, USA (2001). DOI http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/LCN.2001.990778.
Linkquest. http://www.link-quest.com/.
Liu, L., Zhou, S., Cui, J. H.: Prospects and problems of wireless communication for underwater sensor networks. Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing 8, 977–994 (2008).
Marina, M., Das, S.: On-demand multi path distance vector routing in ad hoc networks. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP), pp. 0–14. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, USA (2001). DOI http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICNP.2001.992756.
Nicolaou, N., See, A., Xie, P., Cui, J. H., Maggiorini, D.: Improving the robustness of location-based routing for underwater sensor networks. In: Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, pp. 1–6 (2007).
Park, M. K., Rodoplu, V.: UWAN-MAC: An energy-efficient MAC protocol for underwater acoustic wireless networks. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 32(3), 710–720 (2007).
Partan, J., Kurose, J., Levine, B. N.: A survey of practical issues in underwater networks. In: Proceedings of ACM International Workshop on Underwater Networks (WUWNet), pp. 17–24 (2006). URL http://prisms.cs.umass.edu/brian/pubs/partan.wuwnet2006.pdf.
Peleato, B., Stojanovic, M.: MAC protocol for ad-hoc underwater acoustic sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Underwater Networks, pp. 113–115 (2006).
Pompili, D., Melodia, T., Akyildiz, I. F.: Routing algorithms for delay-insensitive and delay-sensitive applications in underwater sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (Mobicom), pp. 298–309 (2006).
Pompili, D., Melodia, T., Akyildiz, I. F.: A distributed CDMA medium access control for underwater acoustic sensor networks. In: Proceedings of Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (2007).
Prasath, A., Venuturumilli, A., Ranganathan, A., Minai, A.A.: A self-organizing heuristic for building optimal heterogeneous ad-hoc sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, pp. 774–779 (2006).
Rodoplu, V., Gohari, A. A., Tang, W.: Towards automated design of MAC protocols for underwater wireless networks. In: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Workshop on Underwater Networks (WUWNET), pp. 67–74 (2008).
Rodoplu, V., Park, M. K.: An energy-efficient MAC protocol for underwater wireless acoustic networks. In: Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, Vol. 2, pp. 1198–1203 (2005).
Royer, E. M., Perkins, C. E.: Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing. In: Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, Vol. 2, pp. 90–100 (1999).
Salva-Garau, F., Stojanovic, M.: Multi-cluster protocol for ad hoc mobile underwater acoustic networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Oceans Conference, pp. 91–98 (2003).
Sindhu, P.S.: Retransmission error control with memory. IEEE Transactions on Communications 25(5), 473–479 (1977).
Suzuki, M., Nemoto, K., Tsuchiya, T., Nakanishi, T.: Digital acoustic telemetry of color video information. In: Proceedings of OCEANS, pp. 693–696, September (1989).
Syed, A.A., Ye, W., Heidemann, J.: T-Lohi: A new class of MAC protocols for underwater acoustic sensor networks. In: Proceedings of Infocom (2008).
Tan, H.X., Seah, W. K. G.: Distributed CDMA-based MAC protocol for underwater sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, pp. 26–36 (2007).
The ns mannual. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/doc/index.html (2002).
Xie, P., Cui, J. H.: SDRT: A reliable data transport protocol for underwater sensor networks. UCONN CSE Technical Report: UbiNet-TR06–03 (BECAT/CSE-TR-06–14) (2006).
Xie, P., Cui, J. H.: R-MAC: An energy-efficient MAC protocol for underwater sensor networks. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications (WASA) (2007).
Xie, P., Lao, L., Cui, J. H.: VBF: Vector-based forwarding protocol for underwater sensor networks. In: Proceedings of IFIP Networking (2006).
Yan, H., Shi, Z., Cui, J. H.: DBR: Depth-based routing for underwater sensor networks. In: Proceedings of IFIP Networking, pp. 1–13 (2008).
Zhou, Z., Cui, J. H.: Energy efficient multi-path communication for time-critical applications in underwater sensor networks. In: Proceedings of ACM MOBIHOC, pp. 221–230 (2008).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zhou, Z., Yan, H., Ibrahim, S., Cui, JH., Shi, Z., Ammar, R. (2010). Enhancing Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Using Surface Radios: Issues, Challenges and Solutions. In: Ferrari, G. (eds) Sensor Networks. Signals and Communication Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01341-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01341-6_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-01340-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-01341-6
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)