Development of Feeding Strategies for Cows in Small Scale Dairy Farming Systems in the Highlands of Central Mexico by a Simulation Model and On-Farm Experiments. Phase I: Development of a Novel Framework

Abstract

The small scale dairy farming systems (SSDFS) contributes to maintain the rural environment and livelihoods in the highlands of central Mexico. However, their viability is compromised due to the high costs of feeds and deficient feeding strategies used by farmers. Simulation models in animal production are important tools for decision making, technology transfer and research. The aim of the present work was: develop a methodological framework for using a simulation model as a decision support tool to develop alternative feeding strategies for cows in SSDFS in the highlands of central Mexico. Local and alternative strategies were simulated (900 feeding strategies). The Buttercup model (BCM) predictions were compared with those reported in a previous work. Deficiencies in the local feeding strategies were identified in terms of metabolizable protein (MP). Alternative strategies were designed to cover these deficiencies by the use of concentrate supplementation. Three concentrates (C1= maize grain 610, soybean meal 310, urea 30, and cane molasses 50g kg⁻¹ DM; C2= maize grain 630, soybean meal 320 and cane molasses 50g kg⁻¹ DM; and C3= maize grain 900, urea 50 and cane molasses 50g kg⁻¹ DM) where tested in order to meet the MP and metabolizable energy (ME) requirements and to evaluate the productive response of dairy cattle through on-farm experiments. For the BCM validation results data of milk yield from the on-farm experiments were compared with the BCM data predictions. The present methodology is aimed to simplify the use of simulation models in situations, places, and systems similar to the one reported here.